• Cooley Ernstsen posted an update 1 week, 4 days ago

    2%, respectively. Non-vaccine serotypes accounted for 37.9% of all isolates and 50.8% of isolates from immunosuppressed patients. VIT-2763 cell line Serotype 12F was the most common vaccine serotype, followed by serotype 3.

    The continued disease burden of IPD in adults in Japan warrants improved vaccination rates and development of next-generation vaccines that include serotypes not currently covered.

    Clinical trial summary registration number 160,822,918,146; JapicCTI-163352.

    Clinical trial summary registration number 160,822,918,146; JapicCTI-163352.

    This study aimed to determine the factors associated with mortality among patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) in Japan using inpatient data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) Database.

    We conducted a cross-sectional study using a population retrieved from the Japanese DPC inpatient database of patients who underwent surgical operations from 2014 through 2017. The associations between the covariates and mortality were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models.

    In total, 4597 patients were registered in this study, with an overall mortality rate of 6.9%. Multilevel logistic regression analysis revealed that higher age, lower body mass index (BMI < 18.5 kg/m

    ), pre-existing cancer diagnosis, sepsis at admission, maintenance dialysis, antithrombin III use, and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antibiotic use were associated with a high mortality rate among NSTI patients. However, sex, underlying diabetes mellitus, ambulance use at admission, intravenous immunoglobulin use, higher hospital case volume, and frequency of operations were not associated with mortality.

    This study is the first to report the association of lower BMI, antithrombin III use, and anti-MRSA antibiotic use with a higher mortality rate among NSTI patients.

    This study is the first to report the association of lower BMI, antithrombin III use, and anti-MRSA antibiotic use with a higher mortality rate among NSTI patients.

    The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of the South African antiretroviral treatment programme on the age-standardised incidence rate of Kaposi sarcoma among black South African residents of all ages.

    We performed an interrupted time series analysis using routinely collected, histologically confirmed surveillance data from the South African National Cancer Registry for the years 1999 to 2016. The analysis was performed using R statistical software. The total number of cases was 29,623 (12,475 females and 17,166 males). The background antiretroviral treatment coverage was less than 1% at the time that the antiretroviral programme was introduced and increased to over 50% in 2016.

    In 1999, the age-standardised rates were 1.48 and 2.82 cases per 100,000 per year for black females and males, respectively. These rates increased to 5.52 and 7.46 in 2008 before declining. The antiretroviral treatment programme was started in 2004. Five years after 2008 (nine years after the antiretroviral programme was introduced), the predicted standardised rates were 58.3% and 50.3% lower for females and males, respectively, than what they would have been without the treatment programme.

    Introduction of the antiretroviral treatment programme was associated with a decrease of over 50% in the predicted age-standardised incidence rates of Kaposi sarcoma.

    Introduction of the antiretroviral treatment programme was associated with a decrease of over 50% in the predicted age-standardised incidence rates of Kaposi sarcoma.

    Local activation of B cells and antibody production are important for protective and pathogenic immune responses. Furthermore, there is evidence that local activation of B cells and antibody production are important for pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and a severe subset of CRSwNP, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). This review summarizes these findings and the potential role of B cells and antibodies in disease pathogenesis.

    Published literature from PubMed searches.

    Studies relevant to B cell development and the roles of B cells and antibodies in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP and AERD.

    Formation of tertiary lymphoid structures plays a key role in the local activation of B cells and antibody production. This process is important for fighting infections, but it also contributes to autoimmune disease. Furthermore, there is evidence to support a role for local B cell activation and antibody production in a variety of allergic diseases. Nasal polyp tissues from patients with CRSwNP and AERD have elevated levels of activated B cell subsets and locally produced antibodies. These locally produced antibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis in a variety of ways, including activation of innate effector cells, whereas locally activated B cells may contribute to pathogenesis through the activation of T cells.

    More studies are needed to determine the role of B cells and antibodies in driving disease in these patients. However, targeting the processes that drive local B cell activation and antibody production may provide new therapeutic approaches and could help to reduce chronic inflammation.

    More studies are needed to determine the role of B cells and antibodies in driving disease in these patients. However, targeting the processes that drive local B cell activation and antibody production may provide new therapeutic approaches and could help to reduce chronic inflammation.High doses of total-body or partial-body radiation exposure can result in a life-threatening acute radiation syndrome as manifested by severe morbidity. Entolimod (CBLB502) is effective in protecting against, and mitigating the development of, the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal subsyndromes of the acute radiation syndrome in rodents and nonhuman primates. Entolimod treatment reduces radiation-induced apoptosis and accelerates the regeneration of progenitors in radiation-damaged tissues. The drug has been evaluated clinically for its pharmacokinetics (PK), toxicity, and biomarkers. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted investigational new drug, fast-track, and orphan drug statuses to entolimod. Its safety, efficacy, and animal-to-human dose conversion data allowed its progression with a pre-emergency use authorization application submission.