01) with reduction in arterial stiffness, despite only 11% demonstrating a clinically meaningful improvement in peak oxygen consumption with an overall non-significant 0.4 ml/min/kg increase in peak oxygen consumption (P = 0.14). Conclusion In the absence of supervised training, exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling in real-world novice marathon runners is more modest than previously described and occurs even without improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. The responses are similar in men and women, who experience a beneficial BP reduction and no evidence of myocardial fibrosis or persistent edema, when achieving average finishing times. Copyright © 2020 D’Silva, Bhuva, van Zalen, Bastiaenen, Abdel-Gadir, Jones, Nadarajan, Menacho Medina, Ye, Augusto, Treibel, Rosmini, Ramlall, Scully, Torlasco, Willis, Finocchiaro, Papatheodorou, Dhutia, Cole, Chis Ster, Hughes, Sharma, Manisty, Lloyd, Moon and Sharma.The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) training on the volleyball-specific jumping ability of non-professional female volleyball players. For that purpose, 26 female volleyball players (15-32 years) were assigned to either a CMJ (20.4 ± 3.1 years, 171.0 ± 3.0 cm) or a DJ training group (22.0 ± 4.4 years, 168.2 ± 5.0 cm), which performed a six-week jump training (two sessions per week, 60 jumps per session). TAS4464 datasheet Each group performed 20% of the jumps in the jump type of the other group in order to minimize the influence of enhanced motor coordination on the differences between groups regarding the improvements of jump performance. Before and after the training, jump height was assessed in four jump types, including the trained and volleyball-specific jump types. Although both training forms substantially improved jump height, the CMJ training was significantly more effective in all jump types (17 vs. 7% on average; p less then 0.001). This suggests that, at least for non-professional female volleyball players and a training duration of six weeks, training with a high percentage of CMJs is more effective than one with a high percentage of DJs. We hypothesize that this might be related to the slower stretch-shortening cycle during CMJs, which seems to be more specific for these players and tasks. These findings should support volleyball coaches in designing optimal jump trainings. Copyright © 2020 Ruffieux, Wälchli, Kim and Taube.Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are pacemaker cells that generate electrical slow waves in gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscles. Slow waves organize basic motor patterns, such as peristalsis and segmentation in the GI tract. Slow waves depend upon activation of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCC) encoded by Ano1. Slow waves consist of an upstroke depolarization and a sustained plateau potential that is the main factor leading to excitation-contraction coupling. The plateau phase can last for seconds in some regions of the GI tract. How elevated Ca2+ is maintained throughout the duration of slow waves, which is necessary for sustained activation of CaCC, is unknown. Modeling has suggested a role for Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in regulating CaCC currents in ICC, so we tested this idea on murine intestinal ICC. ICC of small and large intestine express NCX isoforms. NCX3 is closely associated with ANO1 in ICC, as shown by immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays (PLA). KB-R7943, an inhibitor of NCX, incre Koh and Sanders.It is essentially unknown how humans adapt or will adapt to heat stress caused by climate change over a long-term interval. A possible indicator of adaptation may be the minimum mortality temperature (MMT), which is defined as the mean daily temperature at which the lowest mortality occurs. Another possible indicator may be the heat sensitivity, i.e., the percentage change in mortality per 1°C above the MMT threshold, or heat attributable fraction (AF), i.e., the percentage relative excess mortality above MMT. We estimated MMT and heat sensitivity/AF over a period of 23 years for older adults (≥65 years) in the Netherlands using three commonly used methods. These methods are segmented Poisson regression (SEG), constrained segmented distributed lag models (CSDL), and distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM). The mean ambient temperature increased by 0.03°C/year over the 23 year period. The calculated mean MMT over the 23-year period differed considerably between methods [16.4 ± 1.2°C (SE) (SEG), 18.9 ± 0.5°C (s, Gerrett, Harmsen and Daanen.The role of serotonin in the immediate and delayed influence of physical exercise on brain functions has been intensively studied in mammals. Recently, immediate effects of intense locomotion on the decision-making under uncertainty were reported in the Great Pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis (Korshunova et al., 2016). In this animal, serotonergic neurons control locomotion, and serotonin modulates many processes underlying behavior, including cognitive ones (memory and learning). Whether serotonin mediates the behavioral effects of intense locomotion in mollusks, as it does in vertebrates, remains unknown. Here, the delayed facilitating effects of intense locomotion on the decision-making in the novel environment are described in Lymnaea. Past exercise was found to alter the metabolism of serotonin, namely the content of serotonin precursor and its catabolites in the cerebral and pedal ganglia, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The immediate and delayed effects of exercise on serotonin metabolism were different. Moreover, serotonin metabolism was regulated differently in different ganglia. Pharmacological manipulations of the serotonin content and receptor availability suggests that serotonin is likely to be responsible for the locomotor acceleration in the test of decision-making under uncertainty performed after exercise. However, the exercise-induced facilitation of decision-making (manifested in a reduced number of turns during the orienting behavior) cannot be attributed to the effects of serotonin. Copyright © 2020 Aonuma, Mezheritskiy, Boldyshev, Totani, Vorontsov, Zakharov, Ito and Dyakonova.