e AVC outperforms radiologist readers.Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilage matrix-producing tumour. Those arising de novo are called primary chondrosarcomas and are the second commonest primary malignant bone tumours. Numerous types of primary chondrosarcoma exist, namely conventional central (intramedullary), periosteal (juxta-cortical), clear cell, mesenchymal, and dedifferentiated. The biologic aggressiveness, prognosis and thus management of chondrosarcoma are dependent on the histological sub-type and grade. Accurate pre-operative diagnosis is therefore essential in determining management and outcome which requires a multidisciplinary approach taking into account clinical features, imaging findings and histopathology. In this review, we present the pertinent multimodality imaging features which aid in the differentiation of low-grade and high-grade conventional central chondrosarcoma.

To investigate the utility of post-acquisition computed diffusion-weighted imaging (cDWI) for primary prostate cancer (PCa) evaluation in biparametric whole-body MRI (bpWB-MRI).

Patients who underwent pelvic MRI for PCa screening and subsequent bpWB-MRI for staging were included. Two radiologists assessed the diagnostic performance of the following datasets for clinically significant PCa diagnosis (grade group ≥2 according to the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System, version 2.1) bpMRI

(axial DWI scans with a b-value of 2,000 s/mm

+ axial T2WI scans from pre-biopsy pelvic MRI), computed bpWB-MRI

(computed WB-DWI scans with a b-value of 2,000 s/mm

+ axial WB-T2WI scans), and native bpWB-MRI

(native axial WB-DWI scans with a b-value of 1,000 s/mm

+ axial WB-T2WI scans). Systemic biopsy was used as reference standard.

Fifty-one patients with PCa were included. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of bpMRI

(0.89 for reader 1 and 0.86 for reader 2) and computed bpWB-MRI

(0.86 for reader 1 and 0.83 for reader 2) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those of native bpWB-MRI

(0.67 for both readers). No significant difference was observed between the AUCs of bpMRI

and computed bpWB-MRI

(p = 0.10 for reader 1 and p = 0.25 for reader 2).

The diagnostic performance of computed bpWB-MRI

was similar to that of dedicated pelvic bpMRI

for primary PCa evaluation. cDWI can be recommended for implementation in standard WB-MRI protocols to facilitate a one-step evaluation for concurrent detection of primary and metastatic PCa.

The diagnostic performance of computed bpWB-MRI2000 was similar to that of dedicated pelvic bpMRI2000 for primary PCa evaluation. cDWI can be recommended for implementation in standard WB-MRI protocols to facilitate a one-step evaluation for concurrent detection of primary and metastatic PCa.

To compare the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of lumbar intradural disc herniation (IDH) and disc extrusion mimicking IDH.

Between January 2015 and August 2018, 32 with surgically confirmed IDH or disc extrusion mimicking IDH were included. Age, sex, symptoms, herniated disc level, history of discectomy at the same site, and operative findings were investigated through the medical records. We evaluated the direction, type, migration, margin, and shape of disc herniation, the presence of an abrupt discontinuity of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), Y-sign of ventral dura, disc material beyond the PLL, and disc calcification or ossification. In addition, maximum herniated disc diameter to central canal diameter (MHDD/CCD) ratios were calculated.

Twelve patients (8 males, 4 females; mean age 53.3 [21-83] years) were surgically confirmed to have lumbar IDH and 20 (11 males, 9 females; mean age 52 [19-78] years) had disc extrusion mimicking lumbar IDH. Margins and beak-like shapes of herniated discs, abrupt discontinuity of the PLL, Y-sign of ventral dura, disc material beyond the PLL, calcification or ossification of herniated discs, and MHDD/CCD ratios were significantly different in the IDH and non-IDH groups (p < 0.05).

Imaging findings of an ill-defined margin, a beak-like shape, herniated disc calcification or ossification, abrupt PLL discontinuity, Y-sign of ventral dura, disc material beyond the PLL and a high MHDD/CCD ratio were found to predict the presence of IDH.

Imaging findings of an ill-defined margin, a beak-like shape, herniated disc calcification or ossification, abrupt PLL discontinuity, Y-sign of ventral dura, disc material beyond the PLL and a high MHDD/CCD ratio were found to predict the presence of IDH.The study aims to characterize and understand the toxicological effects of colloidal mercuric formulation. The physiochemical characterization was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (EDS), Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and electron microscopy. Based on the physiochemical characterizations, the pairwise relationship between the parameters such as size, surface area, surface charge, reactivity and band gap energy were described. The biological effects of the sample were studied by both in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the colloidal mercuric formulation was effective against cancer cells (MCF-7) and less toxic to normal cells (Hek 293). The formulation was effective against MCF-7 with more than 85% of apoptotic and necrotic cells, positive for PI staining when treated with 100 μg/mL. PF-07321332 research buy The inflammatory response on the macrophage cell lines was studied. The colloidal mercuric formulation upregulated the expression of TGF-β, IL-6 and TNF-α, due to the presence of arsenic and other organic compounds such as piperine. The in vivo developmental toxicity was observed in Zebrafish hampered growth and survival in a dose and time dependent manner. The formulation was safe at lower concentration and exhibit a dose and time dependent toxicity. Based on the results obtained, it is confirmed that the selective toxicity towards MCF-7 cells is promising to develop an effective formulation for the treatment of cancer, provided more such proofs obtained from in vivo experiments.