The rates of PJI were 2.46% for hip arthroplasty and 1.63% for knee arthroplasty. The number of PJIs was expected to increase markedly with time from 728 in 2013 to 3542 in 2035 (a 4.87-fold increase). The bed-day requirements for treating PJI was 17,205 in 2013 and is expected to be 82,509 bed-days in 2035 (a 4.79-fold increase). The total hospitalization cost will increase 4.86-fold by 2035. Conclusions The number of PJI cases is increasing rapidly due to the increasing numbers of arthroplasty surgery and the cumulative number of latent infection. This may place a large economic burden on the health care system.Background Despite the knowledge that transportation by emergency medical services may increase the risk of pressure ulcers (PU), there is still lack of knowledge about the possibility of prehospital emergency care providers to be a part of preventing and reducing the risk of PUs. Methods A survey was carried out during 2017 in Finland and Sweden. Validated questionnaires were used. Results A total of 179 (72.7%) Finnish and 188 (28.8%) Swedish prehospital emergency care providers participated in the study. The overall rate of correct answers and the mean total knowledge score was 58.8% (SD 21.8), 20/34, in the Finnish group and 70.5% (SD 15.7), 24/34, in the Swedish group (p less then 0.000). The percent of the total and the mean attitude score was in the Finnish group 71.3% (SD 0.48), 37.1/52, and in the Swedish group 69.4% (SD 0.77), 36.1/52 (p less then 0.813). Half of the Finnish and most of the Swedish participants felt they needed more education about PUs (Fin 50.2% & Swe 76.0%). Conclusions Prehospital emergency care providers don’t see themselves as responsible for PU prevention. Therefore, there is a need for increasing the level of knowledge on PU prevention and classification among prehospital emergency care providers. They could play a key role in developing methods to improve PU prevention and identifying patients in risk of developing PUs.Tumor metastases, that is, the development of secondary tumors in organs distant from the primary tumor, and their treatment remain a serious problem in cancer therapy. The unique challenges for tracking and treating tumor metastases lie in the small size, high heterogeneity, and wide dispersion to distant organs of metastases. Recently, nanomedicines, with the capacity to precisely deliver therapeutic agents to both primary and secondary tumors, have demonstrated many potential benefits for metastatic cancer theranostics. Given the remarkable progression in emerging nanotherapeutics for antimetastatic treatment, it is timely to summarize the latest advances in this field. This review highlights the rationale, advantages, and challenges for integrating biomedical nanotechnology with cancer biology to develop antimetastatic nanotherapeutics.Histamine is a chemical mediator, released predominantly by tissue mast cells, circulating basophils, and neurons, which are activated in response to various immunological and non-immunological stimuli. Histamine has to bind to specific receptors to exert its physiological and pathophysiological functions. Endogenous histamine is the main mediator of the immediate allergic response, which moreover, performs other multiple functions, including regulation of gastric secretion, neurotransmission in the central nervous system, and immunomodulatory activity. The involvement of histamine in various disorders and the importance of receptors in the clinical features have relevant implications in clinical practice. Anti-H1 antihistamines contrast the histamine-dependent effects, mainly concerning nasal symptoms and cutaneous itching and wheal. Antihistamines are among the most prescribed drugs in pediatric care. This review updates the practical use of antihistamines in children and adolescents.Background Mood disorders, including depression and anxiety, are complex and multifactorial, impacting the quality of life for those suffering and making them difficult to manage for their providing health care providers. Diet, stress, medication, genetics, and the microbiome have been attributed to playing a role. Currently, prescription drugs are the first course of treatment despite the World Health Organization calling for a need to develop lifestyle interventions to manage these disorders. The use of single amino acids to impact selected neurotransmitters has demonstrated positive outcomes in the literature, however, the use of multiple amino acids, alongside personalized nutritional therapies is not well documented for mood disorders. This case report demonstrates the effective use of amino acids as an innovative therapy for the management of mood disorders. Case description A 26-year-old Caucasian female presented with anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, carbohydrate cravings, and low energy. She had been diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), bipolar depression II and generalized anxiety. The patient was under the care of a counselor and physician and was prescribed Lamictal (200 mg/day). Olaparib PARP inhibitor With only moderate success with other therapies, the patient sought nutritional counseling. A personalized nutrition intervention was created to include targeted amino acid therapy (tryptophan, glycine, L-glutamine, D-phenylalanine, L-theanine, and L-tyrosine), select nutrients (multi vitamin/mineral, zinc, vitamin C, GLA and magnesium) and a low-glycemic diet to be followed for 12 weeks. Conclusion This case report demonstrated the use of targeted micronutrient and amino acid therapy, along with a low glycemic diet, resulted in marked improvement in all mood disorder symptoms this patient experienced. It also highlights that a comprehensive integrative approach may be a beneficial option for individuals with mood disorders.Multiple disease-modifying medications with regulatory approval to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) are unable to prevent inflammatory tissue damage in the central nervous system (CNS), and none directly promote repair. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for therapies that can arrest and reverse the persistent accumulation of disabilities associated with progressive forms of MS (P-MS). Preclinical research has revealed an unexpected ability of neural stem cell (NSC) therapies to provide neurotrophic support and inhibit detrimental host immune responses in vivo following transplantation into the chronically inflamed CNS. We discuss NSC transplantation as a promising therapy for P-MS, elaborate on the necessities of clinical trial validation and formalized usage guidelines, and caution about unscrupulous ‘clinics’ marketing unproven therapies to patients.