The frequency of rheumatoid vasculitis has decreased over the last decade. CONCLUSION The clinical manifestations of rheumatoid vasculitis were similar to previous studies. The frequency of rheumatoid vasculitis seems to decrease. However, the clinical picture and severity remains invariable. L.U.INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to identify through a scoping review whether root canal irrigants influence the mechanical properties of endodontically treated teeth, and which properties could be affected. The protocol of this study, available online (https//osf.io/yc9nb/), followed the Joana Briggs Institute guidelines. Reporting was based on PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. METHODS We selected studies written in English that evaluated the effect of at least one irrigant on the mechanical properties of endodontically treated teeth. The search and study screening were performed in PubMed and Scopus databases by 2 independent researchers. A descriptive analysis was performed to consider the study design, the characteristics of the irrigants, and the properties tested. RESULTS The initial search yielded 608 citations, of which 66 were included. On the basis of the collected data, the most commonly used solutions were 17% EDTA, 2.5% or 5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% chlorhexidine, and the most common tested properties were hardness and strength. Alterations in the modulus of elasticity, stress and strain concentration during preparation, and roughness were also assessed. CONCLUSIONS The majority of studies corroborated a negative effect of all solutions on the mechanical properties of endodontically treated teeth. Furthermore, increases in the concentration of the solution and in the time of exposure were found to intensify deleterious effects. However, disinfection of the canal is also a crucial factor in endodontic success. Thus, clinicians should consider these factors to mitigate the effects without interfering with antibacterial properties, customizing the choice of the solution to the case in hand. BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis patients are often adminstered tobramycin to treat pulmonary infections. Unfortunately, a common side effect is hearing loss, which can fluctuate. Ebselen has known anti-inflammatory properties and could reduce the incidence and severity of tobramycin-induced hearing loss. Nanvuranlat METHODS In vitro neonatal cochlear cultures were treated with tobramycin or cotreated with tobramycin and ebselen for 3 days. In vivo adult mice were injected with tobramycin or tobramycin and ebselen for 14 days. ABRs were collected in a repeated measures design until 56 days after treatments. ABR threshold shifts were analyzed and a novel cochleotoxic criteria applied to determine the incidence of ototoxicity. Cochlear immunohistology was analyzed for IHC and OHC loss. RESULTS Tobramycin leads to significant IHC and OHC loss in cochlear explant cultures. Ebselen co-treatment at 120 concentrations resulted in significant otoprotection. Tobramycin leads to significant ABR threshold shifts that are ameliorated by ebselen co-treatment. Hearing loss did not correlate with significant IHC or OHC loss. CONCLUSIONS This mouse model of tobramycin-induced ototoxicity is clinically relevant in that it results in an incidence and severity of hearing loss recently documented in clinic. The in vitro experiments show that tobramycin kills hair cells and that ebselen co-treatment can attenuate this ototoxicity. The in vivo model shows tobramycin-induced hearing loss is ameliorated by ebselen co-treatment, but this is not explained by concomitant hair cell loss. These preclinical data support the testing of ebselen in CF patients receiving tobramycin treatment. V.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) on fertility in women with mild endometriosis who are undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedures. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Three tertiary university hospitals. PATIENT(S) Four hundred infertile women with mild endometriosis, documented with laparoscopy, undergoing IVF and 200 women with tubal factor infertility. INTERVENTION(S) Administration of GnRH-a for 3 months before an IVF attempt (group A, n = 200) or IVF without GnRH-a (group B, n = 200). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Follicular fluid (FF) levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1 receptor antagonist; fertilization rate (FR), implantation rate (IR), quality of embryos, and clinical pregnancy rate (PR). RESULT(S) Women who received GnRH-a had a statistically significantly reduced concentration of FF cytokines compared with women who did not receive this regimen. Women in group B had a reduced FR (61.7; 95% CI, 59.20-64.20) compared with the women in group A (72.7; 95% CI, 70.50-74.90) and compared with the women with tubal factor infertility (74.7; 95% CI, 72.00-77.24). The embryo quality, IR, and clinical PR showed no statistically significant improvement in the women of group A compared with group B. CONCLUSION(S) Women who received GnRH-a for 3 months had a lower concentration of FF cytokines. These women had also a higher FR than the women who did not receive GnRH-a. However, the IR, embryo quality, and clinical PR showed no statistically significant difference when comparing the two groups. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV ID NCT01269125. OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with a positive patient experience (PPE) at fertility clinics. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Female respondents to the FertilityIQ questionnaire (www.fertilityiq.com) reviewing the first or only U.S. clinic visited from July 2015 to July 2018. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) PPE was defined as a score of 9 or 10 out of 10 on the question, “Would you recommend this fertility clinic to a best friend?” Examined predictors included demographics, payment details, infertility diagnoses and treatment, physician traits, and clinic operations and resources. Multiple imputation was used for missing variables. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for factors associated with PPE. RESULT(S) Of the 7,456 women included, 63.1% reported PPE. Pregnancy resulting from treatment was a predictor of PPE. In multivariable analysis, the strongest predictors of PPE were related to the patient-physician relationship (“feeling treated like a human rather than a number” and having a doctor with good communication skills and who set reasonable expectations).