523 and after consumption of glucose the fasting and postprandial result showed the difference of p = 0.005. CONCLUSION The use of Arabica coffee gayo bean and leaf extract showed a high decrease in blood glucose levels (BGL) compared to the control group. Copyright © 2019 Sake Juli Martina, Pradeepa A.P. Govindan, Arlinda Sari Wahyuni.BACKGROUND Cataracts are a multifactorial systemic disease that causes opacity of the optical lens. One aetiology of cataracts is chronic hyperglycemia, usually caused by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. AIM The objective of this study is to identify risk factors of cataracts and to analyse if there is a significant difference in blood glucose values between diabetic patients with cataracts and non-diabetic patients with cataracts. METHODS This was an analytical case-control study with a sample size of 140 patients that were obtained via consecutive sampling of medical records. RESULTS This study found that age, high body mass index and hypertension were the dominant risk factors of cataracts. The mean value of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients with cataracts is 195.58 ± 63.9 and 109.7 ± 26.4 in non-diabetic patients with cataracts. There was a significant difference between the blood glucose values of diabetic patients with cataracts and non-diabetic patients with cataracts (p less then 0.001). The dominant risk factors of cataracts were old age, high body mass index and hypertension. The majority of hyperglycemic patients belong in the group of diabetic patients with cataracts. CONCLUSION Chronic hyperglycemia can increase a patient’s risk of cataracts. Copyright © 2019 Juliandi Harahap, Rashvini Rania.Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-associated bronchioloalveolar disorders (HABAs) are pulmonary disorders with various interstitial lung disease patterns that often occur in HTLV-1 carriers. Among HABAs, organizing pneumonia (OP) is extremely rare. We present a case of an 82-year-old woman with OP as a HABA. This patient responded to corticosteroid therapy; however, the patient required the continuation of oral corticosteroid therapy to avoid OP relapse. In cases of OP as a HABA that are not stabilized by treatment with corticosteroids, continuation of oral corticosteroid therapy might be considered. Copyright © 2020 Annals of Thoracic Medicine.Mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) is rare. NSGCT shows excellent response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, some tumors continue to enlarge despite normal tumor markers after chemotherapy, a rare condition called growing teratoma syndrome (GTS). Recognition of this condition is imperative for prompt surgical resection to prevent further cardiopulmonary compression and to improve survival. Multidisciplinary team meeting is important for perioperative preparation and care to improve the outcome of this high-risk surgery. Here, we report two cases of mediastinal GTS and underwent surgical resection, of which one died of pericardial decompression syndrome and the other is well. Copyright © 2020 Annals of Thoracic Medicine.BACKGROUND The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been found to be high among students undergoing clinical training. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of LTBI among undergraduate health science students after their clinical training and to compare the risk between different college specialties. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of students who completed their clinical training from 2010 to 2017. The risk of LTBI was defined based on the conversion of tuberculin skin test (TST) results from negative at the start of training to positive after the completion of training. RESULTS A total of 2000 students were evaluated, of whom 1997 were included in this analysis. Six percent tested positive in the first TST of the initial screening. SNX-2112 in vitro Ten percent of students with a normal baseline TST converted to positive on the follow-up TST. Clinical training in the college of medicine increased the risk of LTBI by 76% (odds ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.04- 2.96; P = 0.03) compared to clinical training in other medical colleges. CONCLUSIONS The risk of acquiring LTBI during clinical training in health science colleges is 10%. Students in the college of medicine are at significantly higher risk of LTBI than students of other health science specialties. Copyright © 2020 Annals of Thoracic Medicine.BACKGROUND Bronchiectasis is common in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and adversely affects the patients’ clinical condition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bronchiectasis on exercise capacity, dyspnea perception, disease-specific quality of life, and psychological status in patients with COPD and determine the extent of these adverse effects by the severity of bronchiectasis. METHODS A total of 387 COPD patients (245 patients with only COPD [Group 1] and 142 COPD patients with accompanying bronchiectasis [Group 2]) were included in the study. The patients in Group 2 were divided into three subgroups as mild, moderate, and severe using the Bronchiectasis Severity Index. Six-minute walk distance, dyspnea perception, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and hospital anxiety and depression scores were compared between the groups. RESULTS In Group 2, dyspnea perception, SGRQ total scores, depression score were higher, and walking distance was lower (P = 0.001, P = 0.007, P = 0.001, and P = 0.011, respectively). Group 2 had significantly worse arterial blood gas values. Dyspnea perception increased with the increasing severity in Group 2 (P less then 0.001). Walking distance was lower in patients with severe bronchiectasis (P less then 0.001). SGRQ total score, anxiety, and depression scores were significantly higher in the severe subgroup (P less then 0.001, P = 0.003, and P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In patients with Stage 3 and 4 COPD, the presence of bronchiectasis adversely affects the clinical status of the patients, decreases their exercise capacity, deteriorates their quality of life, and disrupts their psychological status. Investigating the presence of bronchiectasis in COPD patients is crucial for early diagnosis and proper treatment. Copyright © 2020 Annals of Thoracic Medicine.