One of the most critical landmarks of DNA damage is the micronucleus assay. Enumeration of micronuclei contributes to the early diagnosis of precancerous lesions and cancers; however, there are few studies on the frequency of micronucleus in gasoline station workers. To the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed this issue in Iran. The present study aimed to determine the role of working in the gasoline stations of Tehran city on micronucleus frequency in buccal mucosa.

In this historical cohort study, buccal mucosa samples were collected from 110 individuals working at gasoline stations and 100 unemployed persons using wet tongue depressors. After Papanicolaou staining, the percentage of cells containing micronucleus as well as the mean number of micronucleus in the micronucleated cells was reported. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and regression analyses were used to specify the effect of other variables on the frequency and mean number of micronucleus per cell.

The mean frequency of micronucleus in the case and control group was 29.8 ± 8.2 and 9.3 ± 3.2, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, the mean number of micronucleus in the micronucleated cells of buccal mucosa was significantly higher in individuals who were exposed to gasoline than the control group (P = 0.0001).

The results indicated that exposure to gasoline could increase the frequency of micronucleus. It was also revealed that cigarette and hookah smoking and alcohol consumption, together with working in gasoline stations, increase micronucleus abundance, implying the cumulative carcinogenic effect of these factors.

The results indicated that exposure to gasoline could increase the frequency of micronucleus. It was also revealed that cigarette and hookah smoking and alcohol consumption, together with working in gasoline stations, increase micronucleus abundance, implying the cumulative carcinogenic effect of these factors.

The genetic polymorphism in the DNA repair and maintenance genes leads to mutations and deregulated growth hormones which have implications in cancer. Apart from identified carcinogens such as tobacco, specific genetic polymorphisms correspond to an individual’s risk of oral cancer. The current study aims at identification of differences in genetic polymorphisms in subjects with and without oral cancer in Karad, India.

The aim of the study was to characterize genetic polymorphisms in oral cancer-related genes pertaining to oxidative stress, carcinogen detoxifying, and DNA repair.

A hospital-based case-control was conducted with 150 subjects sorted into cases (n = 75) and controls (n = 75). The polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to genotype the polymorphisms of selected DNA repair, detoxifying, and oxidative stress-related genes.

In the cases group, among the DNA repair set, Gene-1 (XRCC1), Gene-3 (XRCC3), Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group-D gene (XPD), and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) showed significant genetic polymorphism. Similarly, the genetic polymorphism in the carcinogen detoxifying genes-n-acetyl transferase, GSTP1, and oxidative stress-related gene catalase were noted.

The Cramer’s V/odds ratio was applied to estimate the association of genetic risk factors with oral cancer.

The polymorphisms of XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD, and hOGG1 genes were associated with a higher susceptibility to oral cancer as compared to controls. This information may be a useful novel marker in oral oncology for primary prevention and intervention.

The polymorphisms of XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD, and hOGG1 genes were associated with a higher susceptibility to oral cancer as compared to controls. This information may be a useful novel marker in oral oncology for primary prevention and intervention.

Radiotherapy (RT) combined with chemotherapy and surgery is the indicated treatment for head and neck cancers. Even with the advent of modern technological advances in RT and improved oral hygiene awareness, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) still remains as one of the most debilitating side effects of RT.

This is a retrospective review assessing 72 patients aged over 18 years of age reporting in the Dental Department, for treatment of ORN from April 2010 to July 2019. Each patient was clinically examined and treated according to standard protocol. selleck chemicals The stage of ORN was noted at the diagnosis and at follow-up. The demographic data, the tumor characteristics, and the treatment of patients were evaluated using descriptive statistics.

At the time of diagnosis, 84.7% of the study population was found to have Epstein Type II chronic persistent nonprogressive lesions and 11.1% of the cohort had Type III active progressive lesions. Statistically significant correlation (P = 0.00) was found for ORN grade at diagnosis and at follow-up. ORN being a chronic pathology, stabilization of the disease was observed in 72.3% of cases. The resolution of the necrotic lesion and down staging of the disease was seen only in 2.8% of patients.

ORN is mainly a chronic long standing pathology which is difficult to treat completely. Stabilization of symptoms and preventing further spread of the necrotic lesion should be the ultimate aim of the treatment to improve the quality of life of the patients.

ORN is mainly a chronic long standing pathology which is difficult to treat completely. Stabilization of symptoms and preventing further spread of the necrotic lesion should be the ultimate aim of the treatment to improve the quality of life of the patients.

Prescribing radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation for cervicothoracic cancers inevitably leads to esophagitis. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the correlation between the dose-volume parameters and the esophagitis in patients who received radiotherapy in the cervicothoracic region.

Forty cancerous patients whose radiotherapy fields were in the cervicothoracic region have been rolled. The correlation between the dosimetric and clinical factors with esophagitis was analyzed through binary logistic regression model and Pearson correlation tests and was quantified with receiver operating characteristic curve.

The patients participating in the study were selected from breast (6 cases), lymphoma (7 cases), and head-neck (27 cases) patients with prescription doses of 36-72 Gy. Increasing esophagus mean dose resulted in an increase of acute esophagitis significantly (P = 0.05). Furthermore, by one-gray increase in the esophagus median dose, the possibility of esophagitis increased by 9.3% (P = 0.02). To prevent acute esophagitis (Grade ≥2), D

should be kept below 7 Gy. To limit acute esophagitis, V

should be kept below 19% (P = 0.04).

Based on the correlation analysis of the current study, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, D

, D

, D

, and V

are known as reliable predictive dosimetric parameters of acute esophagitis incidence in patients who experienced radiotherapy in the cervicothoracic region.

Based on the correlation analysis of the current study, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, DMean, D50, D80, and V40 are known as reliable predictive dosimetric parameters of acute esophagitis incidence in patients who experienced radiotherapy in the cervicothoracic region.

Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process with epithelial dysplasia as a premalignant condition. There is a significant inter-observer variation in diagnosing and grading the oral epithelial dysplasia. As human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to have à strong relationship with oral carcinogenesis, using P16 as a biomarker may help in identifying the cells which may be undergoing the malignant transformation. However, due to the low specificity of P16, dual staining test P16

/Ki67 might be a better promising marker for identifying the transformed cells. This study was designed to evaluate the dual expression of P16 and Ki67 as a promising biomarker for dysplasia and their correlation with clinicopathological factors.

Immunohistochemical analysis for p16 and ki67 was performed on 30 premalignant oral lesions and 36 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by dual staining using the CINtec PLUS kit.

CINtec positivity was observed only in leukoplakia with dysplasia (46.7%) and squamous cell carcinoma (25%). None of the cases of leukoplakia without dysplasia or oral submucosal fibrosis stained positive for CINtec plus staining. In leukoplakia with dysplasia, there was no significant association with any of the clinicopathological parameters studied. In OSCC cases, alcohol intake showed statistically significant association with CINtec positivity.

P16

/Ki67 assessment by dual staining is a promising biomarker for identifying dysplasia in cases with diagnostic dilemmas.

P16INK4/Ki67 assessment by dual staining is a promising biomarker for identifying dysplasia in cases with diagnostic dilemmas.

The aim and objective of the study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of proliferative markers, Ki67, and MCM2 in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to compare the relationship of their staining patterns, and to look for correlation between them, if any.

Thirty archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of previously diagnosed cases of OED, OSCC each, and 10 normal oral mucosa were used in the study. Immunohistochemical staining for MCM2 and Ki67 markers was done and the slides were individually evaluated for MCM2 and Ki67 expression, with immunopositivity determined on the basis of dark brown staining of the nucleus. The number of positively stained nuclei was counted in 10 representative areas and the data were charted and statistically analyzed.

The overall mean expression of both the proteins increased progressively from normal mucosa to OED to OSCC. In normal mucosa, all positively stained nuclei were seen in the basal compartment of the epithelium, while in dysplastic cases, expression was seen toward the surface of squamous epithelium. In OSCC, the frequency of expression of MCM2 and Ki-67 proteins showed an inverse correlation with the degree of tumor differentiation. In well-differentiated cases, the positivity of either marker was restricted to the outermost layer of the tumor cells. In moderately differentiated cases, an expression of Ki-67 was more diffuse in inner layers, whereas the MCM2 antigen was found to be more intense and diffuse in both the inner and outer layers. Whereas in poorly differentiated SCC, positive expression was seen in most of the tumor cells, the mean expression of MCM2 was found to be higher than that of Ki67 in all cases.

MCM2, as a proliferation marker, is superior to Ki67 as it indicates the capacity of proliferation and the ability of DNA replication of a cell.

MCM2, as a proliferation marker, is superior to Ki67 as it indicates the capacity of proliferation and the ability of DNA replication of a cell.

Head-and-neck cancers (HNCs) are one of the major public health problems for both patients and the health-care providers in India. The clinical manifestations of HNC and its treatment can lead to negative effects on the quality of life (QoL) of the patient. The study is aimed to explore the QoL using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL questionnaires among HNC patients in Western part of India.

A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted among 400 HNC patients attending the tertiary cancer center. The QoL was assessed by using the EORTC core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC head- and neck-specific questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H and N35). The data were explored using means, standard deviation, medians, ranges, and proportions.

All the 400 patients had completed the questionnaire having a compliance rate of 100%. There was no missing data at the item level for the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. While the missing items for EORTC QLQ-H and N35 were problems while swallowing food, problems with teeth, and sexuality.