Secondary outcomes were spasticity, range of motion, strength, pain, burden of care, and health-related quality of life.

By 12months, the experimental group scored the same as the control group on the Goal Attainment Scale (MD 0T-score, 95% CI -5 to 5) and on the Box and Block Test (MD 0.01 blocks/s, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03). There were no differences between groups on any secondary outcome.

Additional intensive upper limb rehabilitation following botulinum toxin-A in chronic stroke survivors with a disabled upper limb is not more effective in the long-term.

ACTRN12615000616572 (12/06/2015).

ACTRN12615000616572 (12/06/2015).

The emphasis on implementation of value-based healthcare (VBHC) has increased in the Dutch healthcare system. Yet, the translation of the theoretical principles of VBHC towards actual implementation in daily practice has been rarely described. Our aim is to present a pragmatic step-by-step approach for VBHC implementation, developed and applied in Amsterdam UMC, to share our key elements. The approach may inspire others and can be used as a template for implementing VBHC principles in other hospitals.

The local approach is developed in a major academic hospital in the Netherlands, based at two locations with 15,000 employees in total. Experience-based co-design is used, building on our learning experiences from implementing VBHC for 14 specific patient groups. The described steps and activities devolved from iterative and participative co-design sessions with various experienced stakeholders involved in the implementation of one or more VBHC pathways.

The approach includes five phases; preparation, desitation of this approach may have contributed to its completeness and applicability. Key elements for success have been organisational readiness and clinical leadership. In conclusion, the approach has provided a first step towards VBHC in our hospital. Further research is needed for evaluation of its effectiveness including impact on value for patients.

We assess the impact of prevention strategies regarding type 2 diabetes as a modifiable risk factor for dementia and its consequences for the future number of dementia patients in Germany.

We used a random sample of health claims data (N = 250,000) of insured persons aged 50+ drawn in 2014, and data on population size and death rates in 2015 from the Human Mortality Database. Using exponential hazard models, we calculated age- and sex-specific transition probabilities and death rates between the states (no diabetes/no dementia, diabetes/no dementia, no diabetes/dementia, diabetes/dementia). In multi-state projections, we estimated the future number of dementia cases aged 75+ through 2040 depending on the development of the incidence of diabetes among persons without diabetes and without dementia, and the dementia incidence among persons with and without diabetes.

In 2015 there were 1.53 million people with dementia aged 75+ in Germany. A relative annual reduction in death rates of 2.5% and in dementia incidence in persons without diabetes of 1% will increase this number to 3.38 million by 2040. A relative reduction of diabetes incidence by 1% annually would decrease dementia cases by around 30,000, while a reduction of dementia incidence among people with diabetes by 1% would result in 220,000 fewer dementia cases. Both prevention strategies combined would prevent 240,000 dementia cases in 2040.

The increase in life expectancy is decisive for the future number of people with dementia. Strategies of better diabetes treatment have the potential to lower the increase in the number of dementia patients in the coming decades.

The increase in life expectancy is decisive for the future number of people with dementia. Strategies of better diabetes treatment have the potential to lower the increase in the number of dementia patients in the coming decades.

COVID-19 caused significant confusion around the world, and dental education was no exception. Therefore, in line with the demands of the times, this study sought to determine the applicability of online active learning to dental education.

This study was conducted in the second semester of 2020 at a school of dentistry in a selective university in Korea. A total of 114 dental students were recruited. Participants were assigned to four different groups (lecture and discussion [LD], lecture and discussion with instructor’s worksheet [LW], self-study and discussion [SSD], and self-study and discussion with instructor’s worksheet [SW]) using the random breakout room function in the Zoom video conference application. Their final test scores were then analyzed using analysis of variance and the online active learning results were compared with the offline learning results.

The scores were highest for the transfer type items in the SSD group, followed by the SW group and the two lecture groups, which had no sindings clearly indicated that online active learning was applicable to dental students, and when self-study precedes discussion, the learning is richer and the learning outcomes are better.

Although survival based outcomes of lung cancer patients have been well developed, institutional transition of cancer care, that is, when patients transfer from primary visiting hospitals to other hospitals, and mortality have not yet been explored using a large-scale representative population-based sample.

Data from the Korean National Elderly Sampled Cohort survey were used to identify patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed during 2005-2013 and followed up with for at least 1 year after diagnosis (3738 patients with lung cancer aged over 60 years). First, the authors examined the distribution of the study population by mortality, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves/log-rank test were used to compare mortality based on institutional transition of cancer care. Survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model was conducted after controlling for all other variables.

Results showed that 1-year mortality was higher in patients who underwent institutional transition of cancer care during 30 days patients’ choice when opting for institutional transition of care since there are currently no control mechanisms in this regard. Results of this study merit health policymakers’ attention.

In this study it was aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors for the geriatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 in a tertiary-care hospital at Kastamonu region of Turkey.

Patients (≥65-year-old) who had PCR positivity for COVID-19 between March 2020 and April 2020 in our center were recorded retrospectively. A p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Ethical committee approval was given from the Bolu University with decision number 2020/176.

There were a total of 100 patients (44% female). In-hospital mortality was recorded as 7%. In univariate analysis for 1 month mortality, diabetes mellitus (p = 0.038), leucocyte count (p = 0.005), neutrophile count (p = 0.02), neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p < 0.001), thrombocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (TLR) (p = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.002), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.001), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (p = 0.001) and qSOFA score (p = 0.002) were found as independent risk factors. On admission, one point increase of NLR (p = 0.014, odds ratio (OR) = 1.371, 95% CI = 1.067-1.761) and one point increase of LDH (p = 0.047, OR = 1.011, 95% CI = 1.001-1.023) were associated with mortality on day 30 according to logistic regression analysis. The cut-off values were found as > 7.8 for NLR (83.33% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity) and > 300 U/L for LDH (100% sensitivity, 79.31% specificity) regarding the prediction of 30-day mortality.

In order to improve clinical management and identify the geriatric patients with COVID-19 who have high risk for mortality, NLR and LDH levels on admission might be useful prognostic tools.

In order to improve clinical management and identify the geriatric patients with COVID-19 who have high risk for mortality, NLR and LDH levels on admission might be useful prognostic tools.Adults who experience homelessness for an extended period of time also experience accelerated ageing and other negative impacts on their general health and wellbeing. Homelessness amongst older adults is on the rise, yet there are few systematic reviews investigating their experiences. Thus, this review classifies and synthesises qualitative research findings of studies published between 1990 to 2020 that have examined the needs and challenges of homeless older adults to elucidate their journey of homelessness. Floxuridine order Seven papers met the requirements for inclusion. Three main themes were identified in the review – (1) Pathways to homelessness, (2) Impact of homelessness, and (3) Outcomes and resolutions. This review collates current evidence on what is known about the experience of homelessness among older adults. In this study, homeless older adults identified a wide range of challenges associated with the experience of homelessness.

Nigeria has one of the worst global maternal mortality ratios (MMR). Institutional audit is invaluable in providing useful information for formulating preventive interventions.

To evaluate the trends, causes and socio-demographic characteristics of maternal mortality at a tertiary institution in South-western Nigeria over a period of 13 years (2007-2019).

Cross sectional and temporal trend analysis of maternal deaths were conducted using chart reviews from 2007 to 2019. Socio-biological characteristics, booking status and ranking of clinical causes of maternal deaths were derived from patients’ chart review (2007-2019). Bivariate analysis and Annual percent change (APC) of the observed trends was respectively conducted using Stata version 17 and Joinpoint version 4.5.0.1 software respectively.

In the period 2007-2019, the mean age at maternal death was 30.8 ± 5.9 years and 88.8% of mortalities occurred among the “unbooked” women. The leading causes of direct maternal mortality were Hypertension (27.0%), Sepsis (20.6%) and haemorrhage (18.7%), while anaemia in pregnancy (3.2%), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (3.2%) and Sickle Cell Disease (2.4%) were the leading indirect causes of maternal mortality Joinpoint estimates showed a statistically significant increase in MMR of about 3.4% per annum from 2211 per 100,000 live births in 2007 to 3555.6 per 100,000 live births in 2019 (APC +3.4%, P-value < 0.001).

Contrary to some other reports, there was an increase in the institutional MMR between 2007 and 2019 even though the leading causes of death remained similar. Targeted interventions based on accurate data are urgently required in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1.

Contrary to some other reports, there was an increase in the institutional MMR between 2007 and 2019 even though the leading causes of death remained similar. Targeted interventions based on accurate data are urgently required in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1.

Immunocompromised people (ICP) and elderly individuals (older than 80years) are at increased risk for severe coronavirus infections. To protect against serious infection with SARS-CoV-2, ICP are taking precautions that may include a reduction of social contacts and participation in activities which they normally enjoy. Furthermore, for these people, there is an uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of the vaccination. The COVID-19 Contact (CoCo) Immune study strives to characterize the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised, elderly people, and patients with hematological or oncological diseases. The study uses blood-based screenings to monitor the humoral and cellular immune response in these groups after vaccination. Questionnaires and qualitative interviews are used to describe the level of social participation.

The CoCo Immune Study is a mixed methods prospective, longitudinal, observational study at two large university hospitals in Northern Germany. Starting in March 2021, it monitors anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses and collects information on social participation in more than 600 participants, at least 18years old.