to continue building this body of evidence with more transparency and data source heterogeneity. This updated literature review provides global context when making local decisions for the coverage of new and emerging bacterial risk-control strategies.

Overall, the results of economic evaluations of bacterial risk-control strategies, regardless of mechanism, were highly dependent on the current screening protocols in place. The optimization of blood transfusion safety may not result in decisions made at the willingness-to-pay thresholds commonly seen in pharmaceutical evaluations. Given the critical public health role of blood products, and the potential safety benefits introduced by advancements, it is important to continue building this body of evidence with more transparency and data source heterogeneity. This updated literature review provides global context when making local decisions for the coverage of new and emerging bacterial risk-control strategies.The incidence and prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) after cataract surgery is greatly underestimated. The severity of dry eye symptoms has been reported to peak 7 days after cataract surgery and may persist for months, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). The importance of considering surgical outcomes not only in terms of visual acuity, but also in terms of the patients’ QoL, necessitates the assessment and evaluation of the ocular surface by the cataract surgeon prior to the procedure. This narrative review, drafted by the P.I.C.A.S.S.O. (Italian Partners for the Correction of Ocular Surface Alterations) board, analyses the physiopathology of post-cataract surgery DED and highlights the pre-, intra- and postoperative risk factors that may alter ocular surface homeostasis; it proposes a practical comprehensive algorithm for the prevention, treatment and management of DED associated with cataract surgery. Particular attention needs to be paid to the pre- and intraoperative risk factors to reduce the incidence of postoperative dry eye and to improve cataract surgery outcome.A widely adopted classification system for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is currently missing, and the indication for surgery is not standardized. To evaluate all the published classification systems in a large monocentric cohort of LRRC patients, assessing their capability to predict a radical (R0) resection. AK 7 A total of 152 consecutive LRRC patients treated at the National Cancer Institute of Milan (NCIM) from 2009 to 2017 were classified according to Pilipshen, Mayo Clinic, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Wanebo, Yamada, Boyle, Dutch TME Trial, Royal Marsden and National Cancer Institute of Milan (NCIM) classification systems. Central location of LRRC was significantly predictive of R0 resection across all classification systems. R + resection was predicted by the “anterior” category of MSKCC (OR 2.66, p = 0.007), the “S2b” (OR 3.50, p = 0.04) and the “S3” (OR 2.70, p = 0.01) categories of NCIM, “pelvic disease through anastomosis” of Pilipshen (OR 2.89, p = 0.002), “fixed at 2 sites” of Mayo Clinic (OR 2.68, p = 0.019), and “TR4” of Wanebo (OR 3.39, p = 0.002). The NCIM was the most predictive classification for R0 surgery. The NCIM classification seems to be superior among the others in predicting R0 surgery. Generally, lateral invasive and high sacral invasive relapses are associated with reduced probability of R0 surgery and unfavorable outcomes.

To determine the clinical and epidemiological profile and circulating strains of rotavirus among children less than 5 y of age hospitalized for diarrhea in a tertiary care center of western Rajasthan.

Children <5 y of age admitted for acute gastroenteritis were recruited in this hospital-based surveillance study. Detailed clinical history and sociodemographic information was collected for all enrolled children. Severity of the gastroenteritis was assessed using the 20-point Vesikari Clinical Severity Scoring System. Rotavirus positivity was tested in the stool samples collected from children by commercially available techniques and further molecular characterization done as per defined protocol.

Out of 1055 enrolled children, overall positivity rate of typable rotavirus was 18.95% (169/892). Among children who were less than 24 mo of age, positivity due to rotavirus diarrhea was maximum (24.4%). Distinct seasonality was observed as maximum cases of rotavirus diarrhea were detected in the months of December to February. Commonest G type was G3 (54%) followed by G1 (19%) while predominant P type was P[8] (77%) followed by P[4] (11%). G3P[8] (51.83%) was the commonest genotype observed in the study region.

The current study found positivity of rotavirus to be 18.95% among children aged 0-59 mo admitted due to acute gastroenteritis is a tertiary care setting in northern part of India. Emergence of newer predominant strains emphasizes the need of continued surveillance to determine the changing trends.

The current study found positivity of rotavirus to be 18.95% among children aged 0-59 mo admitted due to acute gastroenteritis is a tertiary care setting in northern part of India. Emergence of newer predominant strains emphasizes the need of continued surveillance to determine the changing trends.The Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII) remains the mainstay in India for diagnostic confirmation and validation of upcoming screening tools for development in infants and toddlers. This is an Indian adaptation of Bayley Scales of Infant Development which is the globally accepted gold standard. However, the DASII cutoff points used for categorizing development and distinguishing normal from abnormal development are not in agreement across different studies conducted over the last two decades in India. This is probably due to a lack of mention of cutoff points in the DASII manual and existing literature. The current systematic review summarizes the heterogeneity in literature for interpretation of DASII and its cutoff points. Also, a perspective on the ideal cutoff points is presented.