Nasolabial features of infants with unilateral cleft lip (UCL) are different when they are under general anesthesia for lip repair compared to when they are awake. This study aimed to investigate changes in the incisional design of cheiloplasty according to patient position and anesthesia upright and awake versus supine and under general anesthesia. Three-dimensional images of 20 infants with UCL were randomly selected. Two different incisional designs were drawn on the images captured while the infants were awake. Those incisional designs were anthropometrically compared to the designs drawn on the images captured while the infants were under general anesthesia. Under general anesthesia, vermillion height of both the medial and lateral sides of the cleft became significantly greater. In the rotation-advancement design, the incisional line of the rotation flap on the medial lip element became significantly shorter under general anesthesia, whereas the advancement flap on the lateral lip element was not significantly altered. In an anatomical subunit approximation, both lengths of the philtral ridge on the noncleft side and incisional line along the philtral ridge on the cleft side became significantly shorter under general anesthesia, but these alterations did not affect the calculation of the width of the small triangular flap on the lateral lip element. These changes in nasolabial features after general anesthesia may cause surgical error, which result in secondary cleft lip deformities. However, because these changes varied among infants, preoperative planning using three-dimensional facial images of infants who are awake may be able to avoid surgical error.BACKGROUND Perforating and cutting injuries to the head and neck due to shrapnels are largely life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. In the present article, the surgical conditions in the war-related head and neck injuries were presented in terms of war surgery with mortality rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was designed as a retrospective clinical case-control study including primarily 179 head and neck injuries that occurred due to shrapnels in the Syrian Civil War. The records of 2015-2019 years were analyzed according to demographics, injury types, injury location, plastic surgery approaches and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS Injury mechanism of all wounds was penetrating type, which was commonly secondary to an explosive device, collapse due to shrapnels of the explosion, gunshot or grenade. While 43(24%) of the wounded were soldiers, 136 (76%) were civilians. Considering the reason for the shrapnel injury, 83% was due to the explosion and 17% was due to gunshot injuries. The 32% showed facial fractures. As the most common fractures of the face were around the maxilla-zygoma (28.4%), orbita (22%), and teeths (18.5%). Considering neck injury zones, region-2 was mostly affected by the region. The third zone had the lowest rate of injury with 10%. In 89 (49%) patients, the authors preferred primary, while 15 gained secondary reconstruction (8%). The authors used Limberg flap for 24 (32%) patients, rotation flap for 39 (52%) patients, and bilobe flap for 12 (16%) patients. CONCLUSION The most important cause of mortality was not the destruction, tissue loss caused by shrapnel injury, or experience of the surgeon, but the severe states of sepsis or multiple different trauma when brought for treatment from long range from the war zone.Craniosynostosis isolated to the frontosphenoidal suture is an extremely rare entity, distinct from other types of synostotic anterior plagiocephaly, from the embryologic, phenotypic and endocranial morphology viewpoints. Embryologically, the sphenoid bone has two origins, which morphogenetically represent 2 distinct subunits. Depending on the region involved, unique craniofacial features involving the forehead, temporal region and orbit will be demonstrated. A case of frontosphenoidal suture synostosis depicting these features is presented. In addition, a literature review was performed and a treatment algorithm is proposed.The type of the armed conflict on the Syrian battle field acquired several types of injuries; including injuries that were caused by explosive, shrapnel and blast injuries.In the current study, the authors conducted an overview of maxillofacial patients, who mainly suffered from ballistic injuries in term of injuries, reconstruction, and management.Overall, 53 maxillofacial Syrian patients were treated. The most prominent injury was soft tissue lacerations (21/97) and in terms of hard tissue injuries, the most prominent site was the mandible (N = 19) while the ramus and the body presented the most common sub-sites of injury. Hard tissue injuries were treated either by close or open reduction to obtain primary stabilization.From the psychological aspect, most of the patients suffered from guilt for leaving the combat area, those patients were mostly males in their 20s or 30s. On the other hand, older patients suffered mainly from depression, stress, and fear of returning to their home land.To conclude, the Syrian civil war has several characteristics that defer from other combats. Thus, the management of Syrian patients has to be tailored accordingly.PURPOSE The main objective of this study was to display the morphologic properties of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) in human fetuses in term of early childhood surgeries. METHODS Twenty-four (10 females and 14 males) fetal cadavers aged from 16th to 28th weeks of gestation (at mean, 21.54 ± 3.11 weeks) were included in the present study. selleck The dimensions of ACP were measured with a digital image analysis software. RESULTS Taking into account the length, width, and angle of ACP, it was classified as Type 1 in 20.83% (10 cases), Type 2 in 10.42% (5 cases), Type 3 in 10.42% (5 cases), Type 4 in 2.08% (1 case), Type 5 in 8.33% (4 cases), Type 6 in 16.67% (8 cases), Type 7 in 8.33% (4 cases), and Type 8 in 22.92% (11 cases). According to the attachment site of the optic strut (OS) relative to ACP, OS was identified as the anterior 3/5 in 16.67% (8 cases), anterior 4/5 in 68.75% (33 cases), and posterior 1/5 in 14.58% (7 cases). Neither right-left nor male-female significant differences were observed between the quantitative values belonging to ACP and OS.