Pre-testing under local soil conditions before field application would be required to ensure that metal(loid) mobility remained suppressed. Adsorption process is considered as one of the most used separation and purification processes, in which adsorption occurs by the formation of the physical or chemical bonds between a porous solid medium and a mixture of liquid or gas multi-component fluid. By taking into consideration the equilibrium data and the adsorption properties of both the adsorbent and the adsorbate, adsorption isotherm models can describe the interaction mechanisms between the adsorbent and the adsorbate at constant temperature. Therefore, understanding modelling of the equilibrium data is a very essential way of predicting the adsorption mechanisms of various adsorption systems. Furthermore, adsorption isotherms in batch experiments can be used for the determination of the solid-water distribution coefficient (Kid). This review paper discusses the guidelines of using mono/multi-parametric isotherm models with different applications. The aim of this paper is to establish criteria for choosing the optimum isotherm model through a critical review of different adsorption models and the use of various mathematically error functions such as linear regression analysis, nonlinear regression analysis, and error functions for adsorption data optimization. In this paper, 15 mono-parametric adsorption isotherm models having one, two, three, four and five parameters were investigated. In addition, 10 multi-parameter isotherm models were reviewed as well as addressing their applications. BACKGROUND Internalizing disorders (IDs), consisting of syndromes of anxiety and depression, are common, debilitating conditions often beginning early in life. Various trait-like psychological constructs are associated with IDs. Our prior analysis identified a tripartite model of Fear/Anxiety, Dysphoria, and Positive Affect among symptoms of anxiety and depression and the following constructs in youth anxiety sensitivity, fearfulness, behavioral activation and inhibition, irritability, neuroticism, and extraversion. The current study sought to elucidate their overarching latent genetic and environmental risk structure. METHODS The sample consisted of 768 juvenile twin subjects ages 9-14 assessed for the nine, abovementioned measures. We compared two multivariate twin models of this broad array of phenotypes. RESULTS A hypothesis-driven, common pathway twin model reflecting the tripartite structure of the measures were fit to these data. However, an alternative independent pathway model provided both a better fit and more nuanced insights into their underlying genetic and environmental risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a complex latent genetic and environmental structure to ID phenotypes in youth. This structure, which incorporates both clinical symptoms and various psychological traits, informs future phenotypic approaches for identifying specific genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ID risk. read more © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE To analyse the impact of a set of measures designed by a working group to reduce medication errors (MEs) during the care transition of elderly trauma patients. The secondary objectives were to classify MEs and determine their location. METHODS A 43-month pre-post prospective intervention study in a university hospital. A working group was set up in the Trauma Service. A pharmacist analysed the pharmacotherapeutic processes of all patients admitted to the Trauma Service in different healthcare locations from Monday to Friday. To detect MEs, the pharmacist reviewed this process at the following points reconciliation, prescription, validation, dispensing, and administration records. Errors were classified according to the Ruiz Jarabo classification. Subsequently, the working group designed a set of measures that were implemented with the incorporation into the Acute Care Team and the intervention of a pharmacist. Data on MEs were again collected in a post-implementation phase. RESULTS There was a statirred in the Trauma Service. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.PURPOSE To analyze the perceptions of laypersons, dental students, and dentists regarding disparities of the maxillary dental midline and the occlusal plane (OP) when analyzing their own 2D or 3D clinical simulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS 20 participants per group volunteered (N = 60). Intraoral and facial scans, and a photograph were obtained from each participant. Two simulation groups were created 2D and 3D groups, which were subdivided into two subgroups. In the first subgroup, the OP was modified by 1-degree increments without changing the maxillary midline. In the second subgroup, the OP was modified by the same increments, but the maxillary midline was altered to match the OP inclination. Participants were asked to rate the simulations on a 1-to-6 scale and a question survey. Ordinal logistic regression (OR) was used to analyze the ratings. RESULTS Tilt of the OP had the strongest negative effect on the ratings which was further amplified by the dental midline inclination (OR = 0.122). Midline modification alone did not affect the ratings (OR = 0.744). 3D simulations had a stronger positive effect on the ratings compared to 2D simulations. For dental students, the positive rating effect of 3D simulations was similar to dentists. For laypersons, the positive rating effect of 3D simulations compared to the 2D simulations decreased relative to dentists. The survey revealed that 45% of the dentists, 80% of the students, and 50% of the laypersons preferred the 3D simulation. CONCLUSIONS The type of dimensional representation affected the esthetic perception of all participants. 3D simulations obtained higher esthetic ratings for the same esthetic discrepancy than 2D simulations. However, all participants’ ratings decreased with increased tilt of the OP and were further decreased with the inclination of the dental midline. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.