These novel findings provide evidence that HPV targets the host cell energy metabolism important for viral life cycle and HPV-mediated tumorigenesis.In recent years, the atomic force microscope has proven to be a powerful tool for studying biological systems, mainly for its capability to measure in liquids with nanoscale resolution. Measuring tissues, cells or proteins in their physiological conditions gives us access to valuable information about their real ‘in vivo’ structure, dynamics and functionality which could then fuel disruptive medical and biological applications. The main problem faced by the atomic force microscope when working in liquid environments is the difficulty to generate clear cantilever resonance spectra, essential for stable operation and for high resolution imaging. Photothermal actuation overcomes this problem, as it generates clear resonance spectra free from spurious peaks. However, relatively high laser powers are required to achieve the desired cantilever oscillation amplitude, which could potentially damage biological samples. In this study, we demonstrate that the photothermal excitation efficiency can be enhanced by coating the cantilever with a thin amorphous carbon layer to increase the heat absorption from the laser, reducing the required excitation laser power and minimizing the damage to biological samples.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.This study aimed to develop and validate a model for the preoperative prediction of the effectiveness of hysteroscopic resection of a uterine cesarean niche in patients with postmenstrual spotting. The predictive model was developed in a primary prospective cohort consisting of 208 patients with niche treated by hysteroscopic resection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to develop the predictive model, which incorporated preoperative menstrual characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Surgical efficacy was defined as a decrease in postmenstrual spotting duration of at least 3 days at the 3-month follow-up compared with baseline. The predictive model was presented with a nomogram, and the performance was assessed with respect to its calibration, discrimination, and clinical use. Internal validation was performed using tenfold cross-validation. The predictive factors in the final model were as follows preoperative menstrual duration, thickness of the residual myometrium (TRM), length, TRM/thickness of the adjacent myometrium ratio, angle γ, area, and presence of a lateral branch of the niche. The model showed good performance in predicting the effectiveness of hysteroscopic niche resection. Incorporating the preoperative duration of the menstrual period and MRI findings of the niche into an easy-to-use nomogram facilitates the individualized prediction of the effectiveness of a hysteroscopic niche resection by 26 Fr resectoscope, but multicenter prospective studies are needed to validate it.Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1α (IRE1α; hereafter IRE1) is a transmembrane kinase/ribonuclease protein related with the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling. Experimental evidence suggests that IRE1 forms several three dimensional (3D) structural variants dimers, tetramers and higher order oligomers, where each structural variant can contain different IRE1 conformers in different arrangements. Pevonedistat For example, studies have shown that two sets of IRE1 dimers exist; a face-to-face dimer and a back-to-back dimer, with the latter considered the important unit for UPR signaling propagation. However, the structural configuration and mechanistic details of the biologically important IRE1 tetramers are limited. Here, we combine protein-protein docking with molecular dynamics simulations to derive human IRE1 tetramer models and identify a molecular mechanism of IRE1 activation. To validate the derived models of the human IRE1 tetramer, we compare the dynamic behavior of the models with the yeast IRE1 tetramer crystallographic structure. We show that IRE1 tetramer conformational changes could be linked to the initiation of the unconventional splicing of mRNA encoding X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), which allows for the expression of the transcription factor XBP1s (XBP1 spliced). The derived IRE1 tetrameric models bring new mechanistic insights about the IRE1 molecular activation mechanism by describing the IRE1 tetramers as active protagonists accommodating the XBP1 substrate.Association of blood pool (BP) and adipose tissue activity from F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) with the parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and different MetS/obesity types were investigated. 245 subjects underwent FDG PET/CT scan for health check-ups were investigated retrospectively. Associations of BP (BP SUV SUVmax, SUVmean), visceral (VAT SUV), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT SUV) activity with parameters of MetS, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profiles were analyzed. MetS/obesity types were subdivided into metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). BP SUV was higher in subjects with MetS (t-test, P  less then  0.005), and was associated with MetS from multivariable binary logistic regression (OR 5.232 P = 0.010). BP SUV was statistically higher in MUO than in MHO (P  less then  0.05) along with blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed MUO had higher blood pressure and BP SUV, while lower HDL-cholesterol relative to MHO after adjusting for triglycerides.Submesoscale structures fill the ocean surface, and recent numerical simulations and indirect observations suggest that they may extend to the ocean interior. It remains unclear, however, how far-reaching their impact may be-in both space and time, from weather to climate scales. Here transport pathways and the ultimate fate of the Irminger Current water from the continental slope to Labrador Sea interior are investigated through regional ocean simulations. Submesoscale processes modulate this transport and in turn the stratification of the Labrador Sea interior, by controlling the characteristics of the coherent vortices formed along West Greenland. Submesoscale circulations modify and control the Labrador Sea contribution to the global meridional overturning, with a linear relationship between time-averaged near surface vorticity and/or frontogenetic tendency along the west coast of Greenland, and volume of convected water. This research puts into contest the lesser role of the Labrador Sea in the overall control of the state of the MOC argued through the analysis of recent OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) data with respect to estimates from climate models.