Bone defects in load bearing areas require bone reconstruction with strong biomaterial having mechanical characteristics like cortical bone. Bioceramics are biomaterials that support bone formation as well as provide adequate mechanical properties. A strontium substitution of the bioceramic is expected to further increase its bioactivity by enhancing osteogenesis and protect the bone from osteoclastic resorption. The study involves development, characterization and in vivo testing of a newly developed strontium substituted hydroxyapatite based bioceramic scaffold (SrHAB) with sufficient biomechanical properties. Optimal concentration of strontium ion required for enhanced osteogenic differentiation was identified by comparing three compositions of SrHAB scaffold; namely Sr10HAB, Sr30HAB and Sr50 HAB for their Alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro. The selected Sr10HAB scaffold demonstrated in vivo bone formation with osteogenic differentiation of stromal derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human and ovine sources in ectopic and ovine models. Thus, Sr10HAB scaffold has a potential for application in load bearing bone requirements of orthopaedics and dentistry. V.Different blood groups of ABO system have specific antigen which bestows them with different biochemical properties and hence they can show different hemolytic activity. In this report, hemolytic activity of thiol-functionalized Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles were studied in presence and absence of doxorubicin and the effect of various thiol coatings were correlated towards their hemolysis tendency. The nanoparticles were functionalized with four different amino thiols, cysteamine (CEA), cystamine (CA), cysteine (Cys) and cystine (Cyt) to form Fe3O4-Au CEA, Fe3O4-Au CA, Fe3O4-Au Cys and Fe3O4-Au Cyt nanoparticles which were loaded with anticancer drug, doxorubicin. The functionalization was characterized using ATR-FTIR, HR-TEM, XPS and other spectroscopic methods. Maximum drug encapsulation efficiency of 83% was observed with Fe3O4-Au CA nanoparticles. Pemazyre In-vitro experiments were performed on HeLa cells to check the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity using MTT assay. Hemolytic activity was then analyzed with all the blood groups (positive and negative). The amino acid functionalized, Fe3O4-Au Cys and Fe3O4-Au Cyt nanoparticles, shows lesser hemolysis compared to amino thiol functionalized Fe3O4-Au CEA, and Fe3O4-Au CA nanoparticles. In positive blood groups, the Fe3O4-Au CA nanoparticles shows the highest rate of hemolysis followed by Fe3O4-Au CEA, while the lowest hemolysis rate was observed for Fe3O4-Au Cyt nanoparticles. For negative blood groups, the thiol coated nanoparticles show more abrupt hemolysis rate depending upon the type of antigen. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of the application of biocompatible liquid type fluorescent carbon nanodots (C-paints) to microalgae by improving microalgae productivity. C-paints were prepared by a simple process of ultrasound irradiation using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a passivation agent. The resulting C-paints exhibited a carbonyl-rich surface with good uniformity of particle size, excellent water solubility, photo-stability, fluorescence efficiency, and good biocompatibility (1.8 times higher astaxanthin content than the control cells. The high light delivery effect of non-cytotoxic C-paints was applied as a stress condition for H. pluvialis growth and was found to play a major role in enhancing productivity. Notably, the results from this study are an essential approach to improve astaxanthin production, which can be used in various applications because of its therapeutic effects such as cancer prevention, anti-inflammation, immune stimulation, and treatment of muscle-soreness.A green strategy by integrating surface-initiated metal-free photoinduced electron transfer-atom transfer radical polymerization (PET-ATRP) with mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) chemistry, was used to fabricate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) nanocomposites. Self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels were facilely designed with these nanocomposites through dynamic supramolecular interactions. Using mussel-inspired PDA chemistry from MWCNTs, nanocomposites (MWCNTs@PDA-P4VP) were successfully prepared by metal-free PET-ATRP with MWCNTs@PDA-Br as an initiator, rhodamine B as photocatalyst, 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) as monomer, respectively. Importantly, the obtained nanocomposite hydrogels had high mechanical strength (2.9 MPa), prior fracture strain (633.8%) and excellent self-healing property (90.6%). These methodologies will provide opportunities for the design of eco-functional materials or flexible biosensors. Absorbable polyelectrolyte complexes-based hemostats are promising for controlling hemorrhage in iatrogenic injuries during surgery, whereas their hemostatic efficacy and other performances require further improvement for clinical application. Herein, spherical mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles (mBGN) were fabricated, and mBGN-polyelectrolyte complexes (composed of carboxymethyl starch and chitosan oligosaccharide) nanocomposites (BGN/PEC) with different mBGN contents were prepared via in situ coprecipitation followed by lyophilization. The effect of various mBGN content (10 and 20 wt%) on morphology, zeta potential, water absorption, degradation behavior and ion release were systematically evaluated. The in vitro degradability was dramatically promoted and a more neutral environment was achieved with the incorporation of mBGN, which is preferable for surgical applications. The in vitro coagulation test with whole blood demonstrated that the incorporation of mBGN facilitated blood clotting process. The plasma coagulation evaluation indicated that BGN/PEC had increased capability to accelerate coagulation cascade via the intrinsic pathway than that of the PEC, while have inapparent influence on the extrinsic and common pathway. The in vivo hemostatic evaluation in a rabbit hepatic hemorrhage model revealed that BGN/PEC with 10 wt% mBGN (10BGN/PEC) treatment group had the lowest blood loss, although its hemostatic time is close to that of 20BGN/PEC treatment group. The cytocompatibility evaluation with MC3T3-L1 fibroblasts indicated that 10BGN/PEC induced a ~25% increase of cell viability compared to the PEC at days 4 and 7, indicating improved biocompatibility. These findings support the promising application of absorbable BGN/PEC with optimized mBGN content as internal hemostats and present a platform for further development of PEC-based hemostats. V.