RET (REarranged during Transfection) 634 mutations were the most common cause of HMTC and more frequently associated with PCC (overall 54% and 100% in those aged ≥ 35 years). Patients in ATA-Highest (HST) group had a universal presentation in stage IV with no cure. In contrast, the cure rate and postoperative disease progression (calcitonin doubling time) were similar between ATA-High (H) and ATA- Moderate (MOD) groups, suggesting the need for similar follow-up strategies for the latter two groups. Increased awareness of endocrine (PCC/PHPT) and non endocrine components may facilitate early diagnosis and management.Reactions for the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the o-bromoindole and the o-bromo-N-methyl-indole derivatives in the presence and absence of base (Cs2CO3) were explored through DFT calculations. For the base-free reactions, the palladium atom firstly interacts with the aromatic rings of the indole molecule to yield a stable adduct. Once this adduct has been formed, reaction proceeds readily to the oxidative addition intermediate that arises from the insertion of the metal atom into the C-Br bond of the organic fragment. Further steps leading to the paullone (or dimethyl paullone) product, mainly those involving the metalation and deprotonation of the inserted intermediate, are not energetically viable for these reactions. When the effect of the base on the metalation-deprotonation steps is modeled by replacing the bromide ion with CO32- in the metal-inserted structure, a feasible pathway connecting the oxidative addition intermediate with the paullone-type product was located for each of the investigated reactions. The results emerging from this study suggest that palladium can insert into the C-Br bond of the indole derivatives to yield the oxidative addition intermediate (without participation of the base). However, the metalation and deprotonation steps that evolve to the paullone-type product take place via a concerted action involving both the metal and the base. Metalation and deprotonation steps that evolve to the paullone-type product take place via a concerted action involving both the metal and the base.

During desiccation, both apparent electron transport rate (ETR

) and photosynthetic CO

uptake peak when external water has evaporated. External water, causing suprasaturation, weakens the strong correlation between ETR

and CO

uptake. Lichens are poikilohydric organisms passively regulated by ambient conditions. In theory, apparent electron transport rate (ETR

), estimated by photosystem II yield measured in light (Φ

), is a proxy of photosynthetic CO

uptake. Hydration level, however, is a complicating factor, particularly during suprasaturation that strongly reduces CO

diffusion. Here, the cephalolichen Lobaria pulmonaria and two chlorolichens Parmelia sulcata and Xanthoria aureola were excessively hydrated before photosynthetic CO

uptake and Φ

using imaging fluorescence tools were simultaneously measured while drying at 200µmol photons m

s

. CO

uptake peaked when hydration had declined to a level equivalent to their respective internal water holding capacity (WHC

) i.e., the water pernthesis during suprasaturation.

The aim of our study was, first, to measure association between radiologists and facilities characteristics and DCIS detection. Second, to assess whether those characteristics affect differently the likelihood of detection of DCIS versus invasive breast cancer. When applicable, we examined whether the identified characteristics were similarly associated with low-grade and high-grade DCIS detection.

This retrospective cohort study included 1,750,002 digital screening mammograms (2145 screen-detected DCIS) performed in the Quebec breast cancer screening program between 2007 and 2015 inclusively. The associations between radiologists’ and facilities’ characteristics and (1) the DCIS detection rate, (2) the invasive detection rate, and (3) the odds of DCIS on invasive detection were assess. For statistically significant associations in the latter analysis, analyses stratified by DCIS grade were performed. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations estimates to account for correlatn optimal DCIS and invasive detection rate.

To identify the risk factors leading to new brain metastases (BM) following brain-directed treatment for initial BM resulting from breast cancer (BC).

In this multi-institutional study, 538BC patients with available follow-up imaging after brain-directed treatment for initial BM were analyzed. Phenylbutyrate Tumor molecular subtypes were classified as follows hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-, n = 136), HER2-positive (HER2+, n = 253), or triple-negative BC (TNBC, n = 149).

In 37.4% of patients, new BM emerged at a median of 10.5months after brain-directed treatment for initial BM. The 1-year actuarial rate of new BM for HR+/HER2-, HER2+, and TNBC were 51.9%, 44.0%, and 69.6%, respectively (p = 0.008). Initial whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) reduced new BM rates (22.5% reduction at 1year, p < 0.001) according to molecular subtype (HR+/HER2-, 42% reduction at 1year, p < 0.001; HER2+, 18.5%, p = 0.004; TNBC, 16.9%, p = 0.071). Multivariate analysis revealed an increased risk of new BM for the following factors shorter intervals between primary BC diagnoses and BM (p = 0.031); TNBC (relative to HR+/HER2-) (p = 0.016); presence of extracranial metastases (p = 0.019); number of BM (>4) (p < 0.001); and BM in both tentorial regions (p = 0.045). Anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+ patients (p = 0.013) and initial use of WBRT (p < 0.001) significantly lowered new BM development.

Tumor molecular subtypes were associated with both rates of new BM development and the effectiveness of initial WBRT. Anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+ patients significantly lowered new BM occurrence.

Tumor molecular subtypes were associated with both rates of new BM development and the effectiveness of initial WBRT. Anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+ patients significantly lowered new BM occurrence.