Expert opinion Commonly experienced by pre-menopausal women withBC, anti-cancer treatment could cause severe menopausal symptoms. Temporary ovarian suppression with GnRHa during chemotherapy provided asafe and efficient strategy to reduce the likelihood of chemotherapy-induced POI in premenopausal patients with early-stageBC undergoing (neo)-adjuvant chemotherapy.

Salivary enzymes are used as non-invasive biomarkers to assess the activity of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system. The aim of this study was to evaluated levels of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin salivary enzymes under psychological tension and their connection with rumination and personality traits.

A total of 60 medical students, who wanted to participate in the final exam, two months before the exam, the inventory emotional control questionnaire and the neo-short form were completed. Saliva samples were taken in both the basal conditions and under exam stress.

A significant difference was found between the mean of level salivary enzymes in rest and under exam stress. Also, we found a positive and significant correlation between the activity of salivary enzymes and personality traits such as neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and rumination (

 < .01,

 < .05) level. Neuroticism, agreeableness and rumination predicted 45% of the variance of salivary acid phosphatase, neuroticism and rumination predicted 49% of the variance of salivary beta-glucuronidase and neuroticism, extraversion and rumination predicted 38% of the variance of salivary cathepsin under stress exam.

The results of this study show, levels of salivary enzymes may increase in individuals with traits of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and rumination through response to psychological stressors.

The results of this study show, levels of salivary enzymes may increase in individuals with traits of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and rumination through response to psychological stressors.Synthesis and investigation of biological activity of Peganum harmala smoke-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. Peganum harmala smoke-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PHSE-PNP) were produced by double emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ζ-potential. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) for toxicity evaluation, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for antioxidant power, chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), qPCR, and scratch assay for angiogenesis and mouse cancer model for antitumor effects of PHSE-PNP’s were used. PHSE-PNP with a size of 216.33 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.22 and ζ-potential -25.41 mV inhibited A2780, PC3, A549, HepG2, Mda-mb-231, HT-29 as cancer cells and HUVEC as an normal cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at about 208.62, 479.05, 1092.6, 1103.9, 1299.21, 3467.5, and less then 4000 µg/ml, respectively. Also PHSE-PNP inhibited ABTS (IC50 0.720 mg/ml), DPPH (IC50 1.36 mg/ml) free radicals and decreased the size of murine tumours (88.3% in 11 days) and suppressed angiogenesis in the CAM and scratch assays. PHSE-PNP can be considered as a potential chemopreventive agent in cancer therapy.Amino acid-directed strategy becomes an efficient way to explore the alkaloids’ biosynthetic potential of marine fungi. The metabolites of marine fungus Monascus albidus BB3 were regulated obviously when cultured in GPY medium supplemented with L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, D,L-methionine, L-threonine, L-lysine, L-serine and L-valine. Four new γ-lactams, monascuslactams A-D (1-4), together with two known compounds pulchellalactam (5) and O-acetylperlolyrine (6) were obtained. Their structures were determined by comprehensive analysis on the 1 D and 2 D NMR, HRESIMS, UV and IR data, and their absolute configurations were assigned by the experimental and calculated ECD data analysis. Compounds 3, 4 and 6 showed moderate cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines SUNE1, HepG2, QGY7701, GLC82, HCT116 and MDA-MB-231.Purpose To describe a novel transcutaneous infraorbital nerve biopsy technique which can be performed to aid in the diagnosis of perineural invasion (PNI) of facial cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods A single-center retrospective chart review was performed. Patients diagnosed with SCC with PNI via an infraorbital nerve biopsy between February 2019 and February 2020 were included. Data collected consisted of patient demographics, medical history, clinical presentation and exam, histologic and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcomes.Results Four patients (3 male, 1 female) met inclusion criteria. The mean age at diagnosis was 79.5 years (range 66-85 years). Three of the four patients had a history of facial skin lesions, including actinic keratosis and SCC, involving the nose, cheek, or ear. One patient had no history of cutaneous malignancy. All patients presented with cranial neuropathies, including total V2 hypoesthesia. The most common presenting symptom was facial pain, followed by diplopia, unilateral facial weakness, and hypoesthesia in the V1 and/or V2 distribution. Transcutaneous infraorbital nerve biopsy in all patients revealed squamous cell carcinoma with no biopsy complications.Conclusion Definitive diagnosis of PNI can be challenging but is important to minimize tumor-related morbidity. Infraorbital nerve biopsy can establish this diagnosis, especially in the context of negative or indeterminate imaging findings. This work comprises the first description of a transcutaneous approach to infraorbital nerve biopsy, which is a minimally invasive technique that can be performed in an outpatient procedure suite with limited to no sedation.Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. (Zingiberaceae), or galangal, has been previously reported as active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in vitro. The present study assessed a novel antitubercular mechanism of of galangal through M. tuberculosis shikimate kinase (MtSK) inhibitory assays. DMX-5084 Sequential extractions of nonpolar solvents hexane and dichloromethane (DCM) were performed on galangal and screened in MtSK inhibitory assays to identify potential activity. Samples were then subjected to high resolution (HR) LC-MS chemical fingerprinting and analysis. Additionally, a novel approach was undertaken for galangal using methods such as mass professional profiler (MPP) and global natural products social (GNPS) molecular networking for structure elucidation.