Infantile haemangiomas (IHs) are relatively common benign vascular tumours found in the paediatric population. They have varying sizes and involve different depths in the skin leading to various colours, shapes and textures. Although considered harmless in most cases, they may lead to life-threatening complications or cause permanent disfigurations and organ dysfunction. BafilomycinA1 For problematic IHs, the treatment options include oral and topical beta-blockers, systemic corticosteroids, laser treatment, and surgery. In this narrative review, the treatment options for problematic IH are compared and delivered concisely to facilitate the clinical decisions from practitioners, including those in primary care settings. Oral propranolol is currently considered the first-line intervention for problematic IHs. For superficial lesions, there is robust evidence for the use of topical timolol maleate. Systemic corticosteroids are sometimes used in specific situations such as resistance or contraindications to beta-blockers. Surgical excision can be considered in cases requiring urgent intervention such as airway obstruction; this can be done alongside laser therapies for the removal of residual tissue or when reconstructing areas of deformity. The combination of multiple treatment modalities may lead to a more rapid clinical response.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases worldwide. AD pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving environmental and genetic factors. IL-13 stands out as one of the main cytokines in the pathophysiology of AD. Currently, dupilumab, which targets both IL-4 and IL-13 signalling, is the only biologic agent approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. New targeted biologic therapies are being developed, such as lebrikizumab and tralokinumab, two selective IL-13 inhibitors. This article reviews the role of IL-13 in AD and the most recent data on lebrikizumab and tralokinumab.

A narrative review of the literature was written after retrieving relevant articles in the PubMed database (up until December 2020) using the following keywords present in the title, abstract or body atopic dermatitis; interleukin 13; IL-13; tralokinumab; lebrikizumab, biologic therapy.

A phase IIb trial showed that all three dosing regimens evaluated (lebrikizumab 125 mg every 4 weeks (Qerefore, the development of lebrikizumab and tralokinumab represents a new and exciting phase in the management of AD.

A textiloma is a rare retained surgical swab with probable serious post-operation complications.

Here, we reported an asymptomatic patient who had past history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) fourteen months ago and referred to our institute for left atrial mass removal. Echocardiography and chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a non-homogenous non-mobile mass and a heterogeneous lesion with low-density as well as high-density areas with spot calcification and gas bubbles at left atrium level, respectively.

Despite being rare after CABG, textiloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in case of any suspicious chest mass even in asymptomatic patients.

Despite being rare after CABG, textiloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in case of any suspicious chest mass even in asymptomatic patients.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes a group of heart and coronary disorders that can be prevented by promoting the quality of an individual’s diet. The Recommended Food Score (RFS) and Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) are suggested for the assessment of diet quality and as indicators of dietary exposures related to disease. The aim of this study was to systematically review the association of the RFS and the HNFI with CVD and stroke.

Articles were identified by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using relevant keywords for articles published until December 2018. The inclusion criteria were all types of observational studies and English language. Non-English and irrelevant studies were excluded.

In total, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 7 studies that investigated the association between the RFS and CVD, 6 articles showed a lower risk of CVD in individuals who obtained a higher RFS and lower non-RFS (n-RFS) score. Studies that investigated the relation between RFS and stroke (n = 2) showed that achieving a higher RFS could decrease the risk of stroke. Of the 4 studies that assessed the relationship between HNFI and CVD, 3 showed that adherence to HNFI were related with lower risk of CVD/stroke. However, one study did not show any relationship.

A higher RFS may result in a decrease in the risk of CVD and stroke. Due to the inconsistency of the findings related to HNFI, more studies are needed to approve the negative relationship between HNFI and CVD.

A higher RFS may result in a decrease in the risk of CVD and stroke. Due to the inconsistency of the findings related to HNFI, more studies are needed to approve the negative relationship between HNFI and CVD.

Reported prevalence of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) varies widely among studies worldwide. The incidence of CHD, total number of pediatric and adult grown-up congenital heart disease (GUCH), is not determined in Iran. Therefore, we have designed a system to register the information of patients with CHD for the first time in our country.

CHD registry is a database in which the patients’ data are collected by five pediatric cardiologists from three referral hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and five outpatient clinics. We enrolled patients with CHD either as new cases who were referred for evaluation of potential CHD or those who were being followed within the outpatient clinics and entered their whole information in a website specifically designed for it. All the information was collected from checklist by those pediatric cardiologists.

From April 2017 to April 2020, after developing the forms and website, the Quality Control Committee evaluated the first d the world.

Digoxin is a drug for ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation (AF). The major challenge in digoxin therapy is to adjust the appropriate concentration range for this drug due to its narrow therapeutic index. Unique physiochemical properties of drinking water affect the pharmacological actions and delivery of drugs to the body whether they are administered orally, topically, or by injection. The aim of this study was to evaluate water hardness effect on digoxin therapy in an experimental rat model.

48 rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly assigned to three groups that received drinking water with 50, 400, and 800 mg/l hardness degrees for 28 days. Then each group was assigned into two groups. One received digoxin 0.2 mg/kg a day orally for four days. The other group received normal saline (as control group). Continuous recording of electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed by PowerLab system (AD Instruments Company) before and day 4 of digoxin treatment. Then serum samples were collected and assessed for digoxin, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels.