I analyze the long-term health impacts of Nepal’s 1996-2006 civil conflict. I use information on monthly conflict incidents at the village level, which allows me to identify the effects of exposure to conflict more accurately than prior studies. I exploit the heterogeneity in conflict intensity across villages and birth cohorts to document the impacts on adult stature and intergenerational health. I find that childhood exposure to conflict and, in particular, exposure starting in infancy, negatively impacts attained adult height. Each additional month of exposure decreases a women’s adult height by 1.36 millimeters. The impacts are not limited to first-generation – I find that a mother’s exposure to conflict in her childhood is also detrimental to her child’s health. Mothers exposed to conflict during their childhood have more children and live in less wealthy households, likely reducing their ability to invest during their children’s critical period of physical development.A large amount of genomic data for profiling three-dimensional genome architecture have accumulated from large-scale consortium projects as well as from individual laboratories. In this review, we summarize recent landmark datasets and collections in the field. We describe the challenges in collection, annotation, and analysis of these data, particularly for integration of sequencing and microscopy data. We introduce efforts from consortia and independent groups to harmonize diverse datasets. As the resolution and throughput of sequencing and imaging technologies continue to increase, more efficient utilization and integration of collected data will be critical for a better understanding of nuclear architecture.

Predictive maps of the final infarct may help therapeutic decisions in acute ischemic stroke patients. Our objectives were to assess whether integrating the reperfusion status into deep learning models would improve their performance, and to compare them to current clinical prediction methods.

We trained and tested convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict the final infarct in acute ischemic stroke patients treated by thrombectomy in our center. When training the CNNs, non-reperfused patients from a non-thrombectomized cohort were added to the training set to increase the size of this group. Baseline diffusion and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used as inputs, and the lesion segmented on day-6 MRI served as the ground truth for the final infarct. The cohort was dichotomized into two subsets, reperfused and non-reperfused patients, from which reperfusion status specific CNNs were developed and compared to one another, and to the clinically-used perfusion-diffusion mismatch mct and guiding therapeutic decisions in selected patients.

The performance of deep learning models improved when the reperfusion status was incorporated in their training. CNN-based models outperformed the clinically-used perfusion-diffusion mismatch model. Comparing the predicted infarct in case of successful vs failed reperfusion may help in estimating the treatment effect and guiding therapeutic decisions in selected patients.

Neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of cavernous nerve plexus by biological/bioengineering solutions may have the potential to maintain erectile function.

We evaluated the efficacy of a newly developed artificial nerve sheet using freeze-dried alginate (ALG) with polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh in a rat model.

Bilateral cavernous nerves of male rats were excised to make an approximately 2mm gap. A piece of the sponge-like freeze-dried sheet created by covalent cross-linking of ALG gel combined with PGA mesh was placed over the gap to cover each stump without any neural anastomosis. We compared erectile functions in the ALG groups with those in the sham group and the bilateral nerve excision group (n=12, each).

Main outcome measure was a rat model with cavernous nerve excision.

All rats in the sham group had erection at 63 or 64days, and mating behavior was confirmed in 10 rats (83.3%) of the sham group at 56 to 62days. No erection and mating behavior was observed in the excision group. Ten of the 12 ALG with PGA mesh restored erectile function after cavernous nerve excision. Narita S, Obara T, Ishikawa N, et al. Cavernous Branched Nerve Regeneration Using Non-Tubular Artificial Nerve Sheets Using Freeze-Dried Alginate Gel Combined With Polyglycolic Acid Mesh in a Rat Model. Sex Med 2021;9100308.

Despite ample research regarding the impact of reconstructive surgery on anatomic/functional outcomes of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), including incidence of dyspareunia, evidence regarding sexual outcomes is equivocal.

To assess changes in sexual function in women followed up for at least 12months after transvaginal mesh surgery for POP.

We conducted a retrospective review of women who underwent surgery for POP using different mesh products between 2008 and 2019. Baseline demographics were compiled along with intraoperative and postoperative information. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form (PISQ-12) was used to assess sexual function.

Women sexually active before and after surgery were assessed to determine changes in overall and question-specific PISQ-12 responses and potential factors to explain sexual function after surgery.

622 women underwent surgery using mesh at our center. 360 (58%) attended at least one visit at a median of 12months (IQR 11-23month=-0.27, P=.008] and a moderate negative association between postoperative PISQ-12 and total Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory short form [r

(94)=-0.42, P<.001].

Transvaginal mesh surgery appears to positively impact sexual function, and improvements were independent of mesh or baseline prolapse severity. Khandwala S, Cruff J, Williams C. Retrospective Analysis of Sexual Function After Transvaginal Mesh Surgery. Sex Med 2021;9100281.

Transvaginal mesh surgery appears to positively impact sexual function, and improvements were independent of mesh or baseline prolapse severity. check details Khandwala S, Cruff J, Williams C. Retrospective Analysis of Sexual Function After Transvaginal Mesh Surgery. Sex Med 2021;9100281.