We then selected three genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and investigated mRNA expression levels of the genes by qRTPCR. The result revealed that the possible HSbZIP1-regulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were upregulated in the HSbZIP1 transformants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HSbZIP1 can be utilized to improve lipid production in Chlorella sp. HS2 under heterotrophic conditions.The study of climate and respiratory viral infections using big data may enable the recognition and interpretation of relationships between disease occurrence and climatic variables. In this study, realtime reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods were used to identify Human respiratory coronaviruses (HCoV). infections in patients below 10 years of age with respiratory infections who visited Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan, South Korea, from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. Out of the 9010 patients who underwent respiratory virus real-time reverse transcription qPCR test, 364 tested positive for HCoV infections. Among these 364 patients, 72.8% (n = 265) were below 10 years of age. Data regarding the frequency of infections was used to uncover the seasonal pattern of the two viral strains, which was then compared with local meteorological data for the same time period. HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 showed high infection rates in patients below 10 years of age. There was a negative relationship between HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 infections with air temperature and wind-chill temperatures. Both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 rates of infection were positively related to atmospheric pressure, while HCoV-229E was also positively associated with particulate matter concentrations. Our results suggest that climatic variables affect the rate in which children below 10 years of age are infected with HCoV. These findings may help to predict when prevention strategies may be most effective.Due to the potential of antioxidants to scavenge free radicals in human body, it is important to be able to prepare antioxidant peptides that meet the industrial requirements for cosmetics and food. Here, we determined in vivo/in vitro activities of antioxidant peptide from P. fucata (PFAOP) prepared by bio-fermentation method. The antioxidant property test results showed the DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical-scavenging, and cellular antioxidant activity. EC50 values of PFAOPs were 0.018 ± 0.005, 0.126 ± 0.008, 0.168 ± 0.005, and 0.105 ± 0.005 mg/ml, respectively, exhibiting higher antioxidant activities than glutathione (p less then 0.05). Moreover, anti-proliferation and cytotoxicity activity results illustrated PFAOP has a potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 carcinoma cells with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, the protocols we developed in this work demonstrated several excellent advantages in PFAOP preparation compared to enzymatic hydrolysis or chemical synthesis methods and provide a theoretical foundation for higher-value application of marine-derived functional peptides.Our previous report determined that miR-144 is a key regulator of intestinal epithelial permeability in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) rats. Recent evidence has shown that lactobacilli play an important role in the relief of IBS-D symptoms. However, few studies have addressed the mechanisms by which microRNAs and lactobacilli exert their beneficial effects on intestinal epithelial permeability. Hence, to elucidate whether miRNAs and lactobacilli play roles in intestinal epithelial barrier regulation, we compared miRNA expression levels in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) under Lactobacillus casei (L. casei LC01) treatment. IECs and L. casei LC01 were co-cultured and then subjected to microRNA microarray assay. qRT-PCR, western blot and ELISA were used to detect the expression of occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens 1 (ZO1/TJP1). The interaction between miRNAs and L. casei LC01 acting in IECs was investigated through transfection of RNA oligoribonucleotides and pcDNA 3.1 plasmid. JH-X-119-01 solubility dmso The results are as follows 1) L. casei LC01 decreased the expression of miR-144 and FD4 and promoted OCLN and ZO1 expression in IECs; 2) L. casei LC01 enhanced the barrier function of IECs via downregulation of miR-144 and upregulation of OCLN and ZO1; 3) Under L. casei LC01 treatment, OCLN and ZO1 overexpression could partially eliminate the promoting effect of miR-144 on intestinal permeability in IECs. Our results demonstrate that L. casei LC01 regulates intestinal permeability of IECs through miR-144 targeting of OCLN and ZO1. L. casei LC01 can be a possible therapeutic target for managing dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier.

CSP01 is a novel superabsorbent hydrogel that absorbs gastrointestinal fluids and maintains high viscoelastic properties into the colon, where these fluids are released.

We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled pilot study comparing change in colonic transit time (CTT) among patients with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) treated for 21 days with either CSP01 hydrogel, active control (carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]) or placebo. CTT was measured using wireless motility capsule transit testing at pre-treatment and end-of-treatment. The primary endpoint was change in CTT.

Forty subjects (20 CSP01, 11 CMC, 9 placebo) were enrolled and 38 completed the study. There was no significant change in mean CTT by treatment group (

= 0.297). In the placebo group, CTT increased by 15.3 minutes between baseline and end of treatment, increased by 366.4 minutes for CMC, and decreased by 727.4 minutes for CSP01. In post hoc analyses among those with CIC, mean CTT decreased by 1079 minutes for CSP01 (

= 0.025 compared to placebo), 919 minutes for CMC (

= 0.117 compared to placebo) and increased by 1113 minutes for placebo. Among patients with IBS-C, there was no significant difference in change in CTT for any treatment group. One subject in the CSP01 arm developed back pain attributed to constipation and withdrew without a second CTT measurement; there were no other adverse events.

CSP01 significantly decreased CTT compared to placebo among patients with CIC, but not in patients with IBS-C.

CSP01 significantly decreased CTT compared to placebo among patients with CIC, but not in patients with IBS-C.