Inter- and intraday precisions in all samples were both less then 12.9% and the accuracy was within 92.1%-108.4%. The highest concentration of tropicamide was found in aqueous humor (Cmax 29430 ng/g), while was in cornea for phenylephrine (Cmax 3465 ng/g). All the ocular tissues concentrations were much higher than those of blood. Conclusion This UPLC-MS/MS method allowed us to determine the PK and distribution of tropicamide and phenylephrine in rabbit ocular tissue, which may be helpful in the future development and application of mydriatic agents.During macroautophagy/autophagy, the ULK complex nucleates autophagic precursors, which give rise to autophagosomes. We analyzed, by live imaging and mathematical modeling, the translocation of ATG13 (part of the ULK complex) to the autophagic puncta in starvation-induced autophagy and ivermectin-induced mitophagy. In nonselective autophagy, the intensity and duration of ATG13 translocation approximated a normal distribution, whereas wortmannin reduced this effect and shifted to a log-normal distribution. During mitophagy, multiple translocations of ATG13 with increasing time between peaks were observed. We hypothesized that these multiple translocations arise because the engulfment of mitochondrial fragments required successive nucleation of phagophores on the same target, and a mathematical model based on this idea reproduced the oscillatory behavior. Significantly, model and experimental data were also in agreement that the number of ATG13 translocations is directly proportional to the diameter of the targeted mitochondrial fragments. Thus, our data provide novel insights into the early dynamics of selective and nonselective autophagy.Abbreviations ATG autophagy related 13; CFP cyan fluorescent protein; dsRED Discosoma red fluorescent protein; GABARAP GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GFP green fluorescent protein; IVM ivermectin; MAP1LC3/LC3 microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTORC1 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PIK3C3/VPS34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P PtdIns-3-phosphate; ULK unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase.Introduction Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with psoriasis in 20-30% of patients. PsA presents as a heterogeneous disease involving different domains and burdened by an important impact on function and quality of life.Areas covered Dermatologists play an important role in the early detection of PsA because in most patients PsA develop after cutaneous psoriasis. The ideal goal of treating patients with PsA is to optimize the controls of symptoms, improve quality of life, and prevent structural damage and disability. The choice of treatment in patients with PsA should take into account also the skin signs and symptoms. Treatment options include NSAIDs, synthetic DMARDSs, anti-TNF-α agents, anti-IL-12/IL-23 agents, anti-IL-17 agents, PDE4 inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and co-stimulatory blockers. A narrative review based on electronic searches on PubMed® database was performed. Original articles assessing either the role of the dermatologist in the management of PsA and the available treatments for PsA were included.Expert opinion Among different treatments, some drugs show more efficacy in joint signs and symptoms, and poor response on the skin and vice versa. The perspective of the dermatologist in a multidisciplinary setting may provide a helpful tool in the management of patients with PsA.Primary Objective To examine patterns of community participation, as well as the relationship among community participation outcomes and time since injury, impairments, environmental factors, and enfranchisement in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Research Design Cross-sectional study of a sample of 61 adults with TBI.Methods and Procedures We administered the Participation Measure- 3 Domains 4 Dimensions to examine community participation in the three domains (productivity, community activities, and social participation) using four dimensions (diversity of activities, frequency, difficulty, and desire for change).Main Results and Outcomes All dimensions of community participation seem to be impaired following TBI, as evidenced by scores in the lower half of the available range. Most impaired was social participation (frequency M = 10.0, SD = 3.4, possible range 0-24; difficulty M=  11.3, SD = 3.2, possible range 4-16). Correlational analyses revealed that depression (r = 0.51), environmental factors (r = 0.51), and enfranchisement (r = 0.42), seem to play an important role in community participation outcomes, and may be potential targets for intervention. Results did not vary based on time since injury.Conclusion Our results suggest that depression, environmental factors, and enfranchisement may be important considerations for future interventions aiming to promote management of identified barriers.Introduction The gut microbiota seems to be implicated in the functioning and development of basic physiological processes and might also influence central neural processes, through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Pre- and clinical studies support the role of the microbiome in seizure modulation and in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Acting through different interventions (e.g. diet, supplementations, drugs) could perturb directly and indirectly the MGB axis. selleckchem Investigating the effects of these interventions might possibly allow better understanding of epilepsy itself, identify biomarkers, or providing new therapeutic options.Areas covered PubMed and Google Scholar searches were used to compile a list of relevant publications until January 2020, using data from preclinical studies and clinical trials and gut microbiome/microbiota projects. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of the antiepileptic drugs on gut microbiota and the influence of intestinal alterations on seizures occurrence.Expert opinion Investigating the MGB axis and the role of gut supplementation in epilepsy is challenging due to the numerous potential pathways and variables involved. Few studies have been performed so far and all have been limited making speculation still premature. Studies designed with the similar strictness of pharmaceutical drug development trials, performing taxa, and metabolomic analyses with standard methodologies are needed.