In patients with endometrial cancers, DUSP6 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry, and based on the results, the patients were dichotomized into high- and low-DUSP6-expression groups. Progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in the high-DUSP6-expression group. These results suggest that DUSP6 has potential value as a biomarker of CSCs and as a target of therapies designed to eliminate CSCs in endometrial cancer. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.The baseline risk of infection is generally higher in older adults, which has raised concern for the use of biologic and systemic non-biologic immuno-modulatory treatments.1-3 This study sought to compare the 6-month risk of serious bacterial and opportunistic infections among older adults with psoriasis (PsO) who initiated biologic agents vs. systemic non-biologic agents vs. phototherapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare autoinflammatory skin condition that causes tissue destruction and subsequent painful ulcers. To date, there are no core domains or instruments for assessing PG severity in clinical trials, and current treatment paradigms rely on outcome measurements that have not been well-characterized in literature. OBJECTIVES To perform two systematic reviews which 1) identify the outcome measurement instruments used in PG clinical trials and their corresponding domains, and 2) identify any associated validation studies and evaluate the measurement properties and methodological quality. METHODS We systematically searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases for PG outcome measurement instruments. We also systematically searched for PG instrument validation studies. We evaluated the measurement properties and methodological quality of validation studies using the 2018 COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist. RESULTS In total, 7 clinical trials were included. These studies utilized a total of 20 different instruments, including 11 physician-reported instruments, 8 patient-reported instruments, and 1 composite instrument. Of these, 85% of the instruments lacked any validation data. read more Of the remaining three validated instruments (speed of healing, physician global assessment, and resolution of inflammation), methodological quality was not available for half of the COSMIN categories. CONCLUSIONS Seventeen invalidated outcome measurement instruments have been used in clinical trials for PG. We conclude that PG validation studies are required for existing instruments and new instruments need to be developed to inform the consensus process for the development of a core outcome set for PG. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that regulates multiple processes such as gene expression and genome stability. Mutants and pharmacological treatments have been instrumental to study this mark in plants, although their genome-wide effect complicates the direct association between changes in methylation and a particular phenotype. Different tools that allow locus-specific manipulation of DNA methylation can be used to assess its direct role in specific processes, as well as to create novel epialleles. Recently, new tools that recruit the methylation machinery directly to target loci through programmable DNA-binding proteins have expanded the toolset available for researchers. This review provides an overview of DNA methylation in plants and discusses the recent tools that have been developed for its manipulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.During the routine gross anatomic dissection of a Turkish male cadaver; a variation of rhomboid muscles was observed on the left side. There were two rhomboid minors and three rhomboid majors coursing under the trapezius muscle. The origins of the upper and lower rhomboid minor muscles were C5, C6 and C7 vertebrae, respectively. Their insertions were to medial border of scapula, to upper part and to lower part of the spine of scapula, respectively. The origins of the upper, middle and lower rhomboid majors were C7, T1-T3 and T4-T5 vertebrae, respectively. Their insertions were to the 2/3 most inferior part of the medial border of scapula, from superior to inferior in sequence. In the examination of the literature; we could not be able to observe such a variation of these muscles. In surgical procedures these type of variations have a clinical importance for intrathoracic muscle flap transfers and in cases with the paralysis of trapezius muscle.BACKGROUND Stem cells constitute a group of cells which possess the ability for self-renewal as well as the capacity of differentiation into a vast number of different cells within the human organism. Moreover, stem cells are able to undergo a potentially unlimited number of divisions and this characteristic is clinically essential. Specific fields of its application include treatment of diseases mainly in the field of hematology, orthopedics, surgery, dentistry, and neurology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the following work, the current knowledge concerning mechanisms of stem cell treatment in different parts of the digestive system with its diseases as well as adjacent therapy for surgery has been revised. RESULTS Stem cells therapy may be used in the treatment of various diseases of different parts of the digestive system. This also applies to the end part of the digestive tract (proctological diseases) because stem cells can be used to treat fistulas. Liposuction allows more recovery of mesenchymal stem cells, compared to previous bone marrow harvesting methods. Despite the application of stem cells in the treatment of different diseases used for many years so far, the therapeutic use for the regeneration of the gastrointestinal tract is still rare and unfamiliar. CONCLUSIONS Regenerative medicine seems to be a promising tool in medical research, especially when insulated cells and designed biomaterials are taken into consideration. Major points of discussion include type of stem cells, stem or differentiation for the treatment of many diseases.