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This form of small group learning seems to have legitimacy in Pediatric education.

This form of small group learning seems to have legitimacy in Pediatric education.

To assess the effectiveness of Hand Hygiene (HH) in preventing infections and the transmission of pathogens, in an epidemic context, in community and hospital settings.

It is a systematic review of the literature based on a document request, conducted on PubMed, using the following search equation “(” Hand Hygiene “[All Fields] OR” Hand Disinfection “[All Fields]) AND (“Epidemics” [All Fields] OR “Pandemics” [All Fields]) “. All publications related to the effectiveness of the preventive intervention for HH in an epidemic setting were Included.

A total of 16 publications were included, of which the majority proved the effectiveness of HH and its promotion in reducing infections during an epidemic. In a clinical trial, promoting HH in an intervention group significantly reduced the prevalence of infections (24.4% vs. 11.1%). Two systematic reviews have shown the effectiveness of HH in preventing the transmission of germs with ORs between 0.52 and 0.62. Four case-control studies and three cross-sectional studies concluded with the protective effect of HH with ORs varying between 0.06 and 0.71. A cohort study showed that low adherence to HH recommendations was associated with a higher infection rate (77.5% vs 95%; p = 0.02). A single systematic review did not conclude that HH was effective in the epidemic setting.

The effectiveness of HH in the fight against epidemics has been demonstrated. It is dependent on the engagement and the active participation of the different intervenient. Hence the need to increase accessibility to different methods of HH and to promote the importance of this prevention strategy could be assured through education and awareness.

The effectiveness of HH in the fight against epidemics has been demonstrated. It is dependent on the engagement and the active participation of the different intervenient. selleck Hence the need to increase accessibility to different methods of HH and to promote the importance of this prevention strategy could be assured through education and awareness.

Sarcomatoid transformation in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is extremely rare.Gastrointestinal symptoms in renal cell carcinoma are rare and are often secondary to the tumor local growth. While these symptoms are essentially represented by gastrointestinal bleeding, symptoms related to colonic perforation are extremely rare. Only four cases have been described having such a direct invasion which was revealed by gastrointestinal bleeding and that all of them were clear cell- RCC type. No case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with direct colonic invasion witch was revealed by colic occlusion, perforation and secondary peritonitis has been found in the literature. Our case report provides more evidence that chromophobe renal cell carcinoma has a propensity to progress to a high-grade spindle cell malignancy with sarcomatoid features gaining an ability to invade other organs such as colon in our case.

We report a case of a pT4 stage renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe type of solid growth with high nuclear grade (Fuhrman grade 4), extensive sarcomatoid differentiation (60 %), and multifocal tumor necrosis. The sarcomatoid proliferation was invading the colon and reaching its submucosa. Anti-CD10, anti-EMA and anti-cytokeratin 7 immunostains have shown a diffuse and intense staining of the tumor cells.

The sarcomatoid transformation of chromophoberenal cell carcinoma is extremely rare. Its occurrence worsens the prognosis especially by locoregional aggressiveness.

The sarcomatoid transformation of chromophoberenal cell carcinoma is extremely rare. Its occurrence worsens the prognosis especially by locoregional aggressiveness.

Metastasis is the primary cause of death among patients with colon cancer. Metastatic tumors in the oral cavity originating from the colon are rare, and the number of relevant clinical studies is limited.

We report a case of a 79 year old woman who developed a mandibular tumefaction. Biopsy was performed and made the diagnosis of metastasis from colon cancer. The patient received palliative radiotherapy for the mandibular mass lesion.

Oral metastatic tumor from colorectal cancer is very uncommon and is often found with advanced recurrent cancer. Therapeutic management that includes palliative treatment is the usual therapeutic option.

Oral metastatic tumor from colorectal cancer is very uncommon and is often found with advanced recurrent cancer. Therapeutic management that includes palliative treatment is the usual therapeutic option.

Neuropathy is a frequent complication in diabetic patients with variable clinical presentations and evolutions.

The purpose of the study was to specify the clinical features of diabetic third nerve palsy, to assess the risk factors and to observe its evolution.

We report a series of 11 diabetic patients with oculomotor paralysis collected in the department of endocrinology and diabetology of FarhatHached Hospital of Sousse between 1996 and 2005.

Our study was about 6 men and 5 women with an average age of 63.6 ± 13.7 years. All patients had type 2 diabetes. Eight patients presented with diplopia, three with periocular pain and 6 with headache. The oculomotor palsy was unilateral in all cases. All patients were in glycemic imbalance at the time of the diagnosis of ptosis and they were at high cardiovascular risk. The evolution under optimal equilibrium of diabetes and control of cardiovascular risk factors was marked by regression and disappearance in 4 patients, homo or contralateral recurrence in 4 patients and persistence of the palsy in 1 patient.

Glycemic equilibrium and ischemic phenomena due to cardiovascular risk factors are at the root of these oculomotor paralyses in diabetic patients. The evolution of diabetic mononevritis remains unpredictable despite the control of blood glucose levels and cardiovascular risk factors.

Glycemic equilibrium and ischemic phenomena due to cardiovascular risk factors are at the root of these oculomotor paralyses in diabetic patients. The evolution of diabetic mononevritis remains unpredictable despite the control of blood glucose levels and cardiovascular risk factors.