niversal nonselective pTX-pulses were successfully computed using GRAPE. Performance gains as compared to k T -points were validated numerically and experimentally for three imaging protocols. In its current implementation, the computational burden of GRAPE limits its use to applications where pulse computations are not subject to time constraints.Single atoms have been widely applied as efficient catalysts in various catalytic systems due to its high selectivity for certain products, which is induced by a uniform coordinate environment of active sites. Herein, it is demonstrated that Bi single atoms anchored on carbon black (Bi SAs/C) can serve as an efficient catalyst for CO2 electroreduction into formate (HCOO- ). During CO2 electroreduction, Bi SAs/C achieved a faradaic efficiency for HCOO- of 83.6 % at-1.1 Vversus reversible hydrogen electrode (V vs. RHE). Notably, the selectivity for HCOO- of Bi SAs/C was always higher than 95 % at all applied potentials. In addition, at-1.2 Vvs.RHE, the current density for HCOO- formation in thepresence of Bi SAs/C reached-12.0 mA cm-2 , which was 3.4 times as high as that (-3.5 mA cm-2 ) of BiOx clusters on carbon black (BiOx /C). Mechanistic studies revealed that Bi SAs/C facilitated the faradaic process and accelerated reaction kinetics in comparison with BiOx /C.

With increasing reductions in funding for social care across many countries, the need to ensure that resources are used to best effect is becoming increasingly important, in particular for those with severe and complex needs.

In order to explore the outcomes and costs of skilled support for this group of people, quality of life was assessed for 110 people in 35 services in England. Information on costs was also collected.

People who received consistently good active support experienced better outcomes in terms of several quality of life domains. Good support did not require significantly more staff time, and there was no evidence of higher total costs for those receiving good support.

The inclusion of active support in government guidance and local commissioning practices related to people with severe intellectual disabilities is likely to improve user outcomes. Observation should be an important element in measuring service quality.

The inclusion of active support in government guidance and local commissioning practices related to people with severe intellectual disabilities is likely to improve user outcomes. Observation should be an important element in measuring service quality.Thermosensitive polymers enable externally controllable biomolecular interactions but hysteresis effects hamper the reversibility and repeated use of these materials. To quantify the temperature-dependent interactions and hysteresis effects, an optical adhesion assay based on poly(ethylene glycol) microgels (soft colloidal probes, SCPs) with mannose binding concanavalin A surfaces is used. A series of thermoresponsive glycopolymers is synthesized varying the carbohydrate type, their density, and linker type, and then grafted to the SCPs. The carbohydrate-mediated adhesion is influenced by the density of sugar ligands and increased above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the glycopolymer. Importantly, a strong hysteresis is observed, i.e., cooling back below the LCST does not reduce the adhesion back to the initial value before heating. The hysteresis is stronger for hydrophobic linkers and for low carbohydrate functionalization degrees suggesting insufficient reswelling of the polymers due to hydrophobic interactions. The results are confirmed by studying the adhesion of Escherichia coli to the SCPs, where an enhanced capture of the bacteria is observed above the LCST while the detachment upon cooling is not possible. Overall, the quantitative data on the switchable adhesion of specifically binding polymers may provide potential avenues for the design of the next-generation interactive biomaterials.Bone tissue engineering goes beyond the limitations of conventional methods of treating bone loss, such as autograft-induced morbidity and a lack of integration for large grafts. Novel biomimicry approaches (using three-dimensional [3D] electrospinning and printing techniques) have been designed to offer the most appropriate environment for cells and thus promote bone regeneration. In the present study, we assessed the bone regeneration properties of a composite 3D honeycomb structure from the electrostatic template-assisted deposition process by an alternate deposition of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and electrosprayed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) on a honeycomb micropatterned substrate. We first confirmed the cytocompatibility of this honeycomb PCL-nHA scaffold in culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The scaffold was then implanted (alone or with seeded MSCs) for 2 months in a rat critical-sized calvarial defect model. The observation of new bone synthesis in situ (monitored using microcomputed tomography every 2 weeks and a histological assessment upon extraction) demonstrated that the honeycomb PCL-nHA scaffold was osteoconductive. Moreover, the combination of the scaffold with BM-MSCs was associated with significantly greater bone volume and mineralized regeneration during the 2-month experiment. learn more The combination of the biomimetic honeycomb PCL-nHA scaffold with patient mesenchymal stem cells might therefore have great potential for clinical applications and specifically in maxillofacial surgery.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is one of the most common reasons for primary care consultation, particularly pain in the lower back (LBP), knee and shoulder. The use of diagnostic imaging for MSK pain is increasing, but it is unclear whether this increase is justified on the basis of clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations.

To identify and map the content of CPGs that informs the use of diagnostic imaging in those with nontraumatic LBP, knee and shoulder pain in primary and intermediate care in the UK.

A scoping review of CPGs.

This scoping review was conducted and is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidance. A broad search strategy included electronic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and SPORTDiscus from 2009 to 17 April 2019. This was conducted alongside a search of guideline repositories and was combined with a snowball search of Google, relevant professional bodies and use of social media.

31 relevant CPGs were included. Routine use of diagnostic imaging for those with nontraumatic LBP, knee or shoulder pain is generally discouraged in primary care or intermediate care.