rotein 1; LM larval midgut; M6P mannose-6-phosphate; PBS phosphate-buffered saline; PCD programmed cell death; PNGase peptide-N-glycosidase F; RFP red fluorescent protein; RNAi RNA interference; SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SYX17 syntaxin 17; USP1 ultraspiracle isoform 1.Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ertugliflozin across racial groups in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Pooled analysis of data from randomized, double-blind studies in the ertugliflozin phase III development program. Seven placebo- and comparator-controlled studies were used to assess safety (N = 4859) and three placebo-controlled studies were used to assess efficacy (N = 1544). Least-squares (LS) mean change from baseline was calculated for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Safety evaluation included overall and prespecified adverse events (AEs). click here The Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers are NCT01986855, NCT01999218, NCT01958671, NCT02099110, NCT02036515, NCT02033889, and NCT02226003.Results At Week 26, ertugliflozin provided a greater reduction in HbA1c, body weight and SBP versus placebo in all racial subgroups. The placebo-adjusted LS mean change (95% confidence interval) from baseline in HbA1c was -0.8% (-1.0, -0.7) and -1.0% (-1.1, -0.8) with ertugliflozin 5 mg and 15 mg, respectively, in the White subgroup, -0.7% (-1.2, -0.2) and -0.8% (-1.3, -0.3) in the Black subgroup, and -0.8% (-1.1, -0.5) and -1.0% (-1.3, -0.8) in the Asian subgroup. The incidences of overall AEs, serious AEs and AEs leading to discontinuation from study medication were similar between the ertugliflozin 5 mg, 15 mg, and non-ertugliflozin groups within each racial subgroup. The incidence of female genital mycotic infection (GMI) was higher with ertugliflozin than non-ertugliflozin across all racial subgroups. The incidence of male GMI was higher with ertugliflozin than non-ertugliflozin in the White sub-group; however, there were few male GMI events in the non-White subgroups.Conclusions In patients with T2DM, treatment with ertugliflozin improved HbA1c, body weight, and SBP across all racial subgroups. Ertugliflozin had a generally similar safety profile across racial subgroups and was generally well tolerated.Calcitriol, as the biologically active form of vitamin D3, is essential for patients with renal osteopathy. The solubilization, stabilization, and content uniformity are key issues in its formulation development. In our previous study, the incomplete release of calcitriol was solved by using the hybrid lipid based solid dispersion (SD) for calcitriol. However, good stability and content uniformity are still urgently needed. In this study, solid lipid with antioxidant properties and liquid lipid compatible with calcitriol were employed as hybrid lipid carrier (HLC) to establish a solid dispersion. Moreover, the content uniformity of tablets with hybrid lipid carrier based SDs (HLCTs) was further guaranteed due to the multi-dispersion of calcitriol in HLC, solidification, and blank granules. Additionally, the compression of the blank granules was adjusted by the water content. The mixing method of calcitriol-containing and blank granules was also optimized. The obtained HLCTs were evaluated for hardness, disintegration time, in vitro drug dissolution, content uniformity, and stability. Satisfactory HLCTs were developed successfully in this study with superior content uniformity and better stability than the commercial soft capsule (Rocaltrol®). It was proved to be a promising formulation for drugs with poor water-solubility, instability to oxygen and heat, and dose-related toxicity.Background Over the past two decades, hybrid and total minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (EC) has increasingly been implemented with the aim to improve morbidity, functional result and ultimately the prognosis in these patients. However, more results are warranted and in this single-center study we report long-time outcome in a cohort of cancer patients treated with hybrid esophagectomy (HE).Material and methods Hundred and nine patients with EC operated with HE from November 2007 to June 2013 were included. Clinical, pathological and survival data were retrieved from the patient administration system and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Patients alive were asked to fill out the Ogilvie dysphagia score, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-OG25. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier’s method and prognostic factors by uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses.Results Median overall follow-up time was 55 months (range 2-135) after R0-2 resection (n = 109) and 76 months (5-135) for R0 resection (n = 100). Five-year overall survival rate was 49% and 53%, respectively. Anastomotic leakage rate and 90-days mortality were 5% and 2%, respectively. Six patients (6%) had later surgery for metastases to mediastinum, hepatoduodenal ligament, brain, lung, liver or bladder median 26 months (4-51) after HE. Forty-one out of 51 patients alive (80%) filled out questionnaires after median 65.5 months (63-123) follow-up. All patients could eat normal food without (n = 37) or with (n = 4) problems. Nearly, half of the patients reported problems with reflux, one-third experienced fatigue and anxiety while one out of four had weight loss and episodes of dyspnea.Conclusions In this patient series, HE offered low postoperative mortality and good overall long-term survival. Most survivors maintained good quality of life more than five years post treatment. There was a low rate of serious postoperative complications.Purpose To examine the measurement properties of the 15-item Arabic Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS-Ar) in patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal disordersMaterials and Methods Patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders (N = 116) completed the 15-item LEFS-Ar, Global Assessment of Function, RAND 36-item Health Survey, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. A subset of participants completed a retest session within 2 to 7 days that also involved completion of the Global Rating of Change Scale. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, floor and ceiling effects of 15-item LEFS-Ar were examined. Construct validity was also tested by examining a number of predefined hypotheses regarding expected correlation between the 15-item LEFS-Ar and the other measures.Results The 15-item Arabic LEFS had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.93) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC agreement = 0.95) with no floor or ceiling issues. The standard error of measurement of the Arabic 15-item Arabic LEFS was 2.