To a) determine the acute effects of a single-dose patellar tendon isometric exercise protocol on involved limb landing biomechanics in individuals with patellar tendinopathy and asymptomatic patellar tendon pathology, and b) determine if individuals with patellar tendinopathy demonstrated changes in pain following a single-dose patellar tendon isometric exercise protocol.

Single-blinded randomized cross-over trial.

Laboratory; PARTICIPANTS 28 young male athletes with symptomatic (n=13, age 19.62±1.61) and asymptomatic (n=15, age 21.13±1.88) patellar tendinopathy.

Participants completed a single-dose patellar tendon isometric exercise protocol and a sham-TENS protocol, randomized and separated by 7-10 days. Pain-levels during a single-limb decline squat (SLDS) and three-dimensional biomechanics were collected during a double-limb jump-landing task before and after each intervention protocol. A mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to compare change scores for all dependent variables.

There were no group×intervention interactions for change in pain (F

=0.555, p=0.463). BetaLapachone There was one significant group×intervention interaction for vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) (F

=5.33, p=0.029). However, post-hoc testing with Bonferroni correction demonstrated no statistical significance for group (SYM t=-1.679, p=0.119; ASYM t=-1.7, p=0.107) or intervention condition (isometric t=-2.58, p=0.016; sham-TENS 0.72, p=0.460). There were no further significant group×intervention interactions (p>0.05).

A single-dose patellar tendon isometric exercise protocol did not have acute effects on landing biomechanics or pain levels in male athletes with patellar tendinopathy or asymptomatic patellar tendon pathology.

A single-dose patellar tendon isometric exercise protocol did not have acute effects on landing biomechanics or pain levels in male athletes with patellar tendinopathy or asymptomatic patellar tendon pathology.

To determine normal values for hip strength and range of motion (ROM) of elite, sub-elite and amateur male field hockey players and to examine the effect of age, leg dominance, playing position, playing level and non-time-loss groin pain on hip strength and ROM.

Cross-sectional study.

Physical testing took place at field hockey clubs.

Male field hockey players competing in the three highest Dutch field hockey leagues (n=104).

Eccentric adduction, eccentric abduction, adductor squeeze strength, adduction/abduction ratio, internal rotation, external rotation and bent knee fall out (BKFO).

Strength and ROM values (mean±standard deviation) were adduction=2.8±0.4 Nm/kg, abduction=2.6±0.4 Nm/kg, adduction/abduction ratio=1.1±0.2, squeeze test=4.5±0.8N/kg, internal rotation=34°±11°, external rotation=47°±9°, BKFO=15±4cm. Age, leg dominance, playing position, playing level and non-time-loss groin pain had no effect on these profiles.

Normal values were established for hip strength and ROM of male field hockey players and showed to be independent of age, leg dominance, playing position, playing level and non-time-loss groin pain.

Normal values were established for hip strength and ROM of male field hockey players and showed to be independent of age, leg dominance, playing position, playing level and non-time-loss groin pain.

Growing evidence of neurologic involvement seen in COVID-19 infection necessitates the pooling of neurodiagnostic findings like electroencephalography (EEG) that may guide clinical management. The objective of this study was to review the EEG findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection through a systematic review of published articles.

We systematically searched until July 25, 2020 for published articles that reported on descriptive EEG findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in PUBMED by Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL by the Cochrane Library.

From a total of 94 identified records, 29 relevant articles were included in this review. A total of 177 patients with COVID-19 with descriptive EEG reports were analyzed. The most common indication for EEG was unexplained altered mental status. Disturbances of background activity such as generalized and focal slowing were seen as well epileptiform abnormalities and rhythmic or periodic discharges. There were no consistent EEG findings specific to COVID-19 infection.

The EEG findings in COVID-19 appear to be non-specific. Further research on the relationship of the EEG findings to the clinical state and short- or long-term prognosis of COVID-19 patients may be conducted to help clinicians discern which patients would necessitate an EEG procedure and would eventually require treatment.

The EEG findings in COVID-19 appear to be non-specific. Further research on the relationship of the EEG findings to the clinical state and short- or long-term prognosis of COVID-19 patients may be conducted to help clinicians discern which patients would necessitate an EEG procedure and would eventually require treatment.

The significance of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) observed in the extratemporal lobe has not been fully evaluated in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes, clinical features, and functional neuroimaging characteristics of patients in relation to the presence or absence of extratemporal IED in MTLE with hippocampal sclerosis (HS).

A total of 165 patients with HS-induced MTLE who had undergone anterior temporal lobectomy were enrolled and stratified into the extratemporal interictal epileptiform discharges (ETD) and the temporal lobe discharges (TD) groups. We analyzed the differentiating features of pre- and postsurgical evaluation data between the two groups. For outcome assessment, only patients with a follow-up of at least 2 years were enrolled, and the outcomes were classified based on Engel classification.

The ETD group showed extensive glucose hypometabolism involving the temporal lobe and extratemporal regions (p < 0.001), and IEDs were observed bilaterally or contralateral to the ictal focus (p = 0.02). However, there was no difference in the surgical outcomes between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, statistically significant variables related to ETD occurrence including seizure onset age were not identified nevertheless.

Our results indicate that ETD had a surgical outcome comparable to that of TD. Therefore, a surgical intervention need not be delayed even if extratemporal IED may be found in presurgical long-term scalp EEG monitoring.

Our results indicate that ETD had a surgical outcome comparable to that of TD. Therefore, a surgical intervention need not be delayed even if extratemporal IED may be found in presurgical long-term scalp EEG monitoring.