hould be considered in further research. Different doses should be compared directly in future trials. © The Author(s). 2020.Background Foraging performance is widely hypothesized to play a key role in shaping age-specific demographic rates in wild populations, yet the underlying behavioral changes are poorly understood. Seabirds are among the longest-lived vertebrates, and demonstrate extensive age-related variation in survival, breeding frequency and success. The breeding season is a particularly critical phase during the annual cycle, but it remains unclear whether differences in experience or physiological condition related to age interact with the changing degree of the central-place constraint in shaping foraging patterns in time and space. Methods Here we analyze tracking data collected over two decades from congeneric black-browed (BBA) and grey-headed (GHA) albatrosses, Thalassarche melanophris and T. chrysostoma, breeding at South Georgia. We compare the foraging trip parameters, at-sea activity (flights and landings) and habitat preferences of individuals aged 10-45 years and contrast these patterns between the incubatioBackground Songbirds following distinct migration strategies (e.g. long- vs. short- to medium-distance migrants) often differ in their speed of migration during autumn and, thus, are assumed to face different time constraints. During migration, most songbird species alternate migratory flights with stopover periods. Many of them restrict these migratory flights to the night, i.e., they are nocturnal migrants. At stopover, nocturnal migrants need to select a specific night (night-to-night decision) and time of night (within-night decision) to resume migration. These departure decisions, which largely determine the speed of migration, are jointly affected by a set of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, i.e., departure cues. Here we aim to assess whether the set of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and the magnitude of their respective effects on stopover departure decisions differs between nocturnally migrating songbird species, depending on their migration strategy and associated time constraints. Methods We radio-that the general timing of departures in songbirds is affected by the species-specific migration strategy and associated time constraints. Further, they imply that the assessment and usage of specific extrinsic factors, i.e., weather conditions, as departure cues is adjusted based on this migration strategy, with the long-distance migrants being least selective at departure. Other intrinsic and extrinsic factors, however, seem to be used as departure cues independent of migration strategy. © The Author(s). 2020.Silent sinus syndrome refers to a constellation of spontaneous and progressive enophthalmos and hypoglobus in the setting of asymptomatic ipsilateral maxillary sinus atelectasis. Although its exact etiopathogenesis is not completely understood, obstruction of the ostiomeatal complex appears to be the inciting event. Most of the reported cases of silent sinus syndrome involve one maxillary sinus. Only a handful of true bilateral silent sinus syndrome cases have been reported in the literature. The aim of this report is to present a case of metachronous bilateral maxillary silent sinus syndrome and its natural progression. Also included is a review of the literature on ethmoidal, frontal, and bilateral maxillary silent sinus syndrome. © The Author(s) 2020.Cerebrovascular stroke caused by skull base meningioma has been rarely reported. A 30-year-old male presented (April 2015) with acute right-sided hemiplegia. Vazegepant His brain neuroimaging (computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) showed left ischemic infarction in the territory of middle cerebral artery. Magnetic resonance imaging also showed a right parasellar solid lesion which extended to the right basisphenoid and cavernous sinus and attenuated the right internal carotid artery. It also had left smaller parasellar extension. The lesion enhanced uniformly and strongly following gadolinium injection. Digital subtraction angiography using selective catheterization of both common carotid and left vertebral arteries (07/13/2015) showed occlusion of both internal carotid arteries and faint visualization of left terminal internal carotid artery and its bifurcation. The right internal carotid artery and its branches were not visualized. Left vertebral injection showed prominent left vertebral and basilar arteries and filling of both internal carotid arteries through posterior communicating arteries. A faint blush of contrast was noticed at the parasellar region coinciding with meningioma. The patient received three treatment sessions of gamma knife radiosurgery as follow 20 cc of the tumor was treated with 12 Gy (15 August 2015), 1.7 cc was treated with 10 Gy (31 January 2016), and 2.5 cc was treated with 11 Gy (13 August 2016) which resulted in complete clinical recovery and tumor size reduction. Compensation from the posterior communicating and external carotid arteries might explain the complete clinical recovery after tumor size reduction with gamma knife radiosurgery. © The Author(s) 2020.Liver cirrhosis with splenomegaly and portal hypertension has been described in the medical literature as increasing the risk of splenic rupture. We report a case of atraumatic splenic rupture in a male with liver cirrhosis associated with splenomegaly, which was further complicated by hypersplenism and intra-cystic haemorrhage in the spleen. The 56-year-old man was hospitalized because of sudden onset of intermittent pain in the left quadrant abdomen with no history of trauma. Upon admission, the patient presented no fever, palpable abdominal tenderness, splenomegaly, and hypersplenism. Enhanced computed tomography revealed a splenic subcapsular haematoma connected to a cystic mass located at the splenic hilum and free fluid in the abdomen, which is indicative of splenic rupture. The patient underwent immediate laparotomy and splenectomy followed by proper management. Post-surgery diagnostic microscopy indicated liver steatosis, perivenular fibrosis, and regenerative nodules, which are suggestive of cirrhosis.