m non-compliance to compliance (control group, n=11 vs. intervention group, n=10). The changes of BMI after 12 months between control group (0.24 kg/m2) and intervention group (0.24 kg/m2) was not significant (p=0.910). There were no episodes of severe hypoglycaemia detected in both groups. Conclusion The addition of DMTAC service in primary care can improve glycaemic control among patients. The study was registered in the National Medical Research Register (Malaysia) NMRR-13-1449-18955.Introduction Laparoscopic nephrectomy is the standard of care for the removal of both non-functioning and tumourbearing kidneys. This study was conducted to compare the characteristics and outcomes follow-ing laparoscopic transperitoneal nephrectomy (TP) for tumour and nontumour disease. Methods We retro-spectively reviewed all TP nephrectomies performed in the Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah Alor Setar, Kedah between January 2016 and July 2017. Results A total of 36 eligible cases were identified, 10 of which were for renal tumours and the others for nonfunctioning kidneys. There were no statistically significant differ-ences between the two groups in terms of demographics and comorbidities. We also did not identify any sta-tistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of operating time, blood loss, need for transfusion, septic complications and postoperative recovery. The only significant difference between the groups was the postoperative rise in serum creatinine, which was higher in the tumour disease group (mean rise 23.4 vs 5.35µmol/l; p = 0.012). Conclusions Our study showed that laparoscopic nephrectomy is both feasible and safe for the treatment of tumour and non-tumour renal disease with low complication rates in both groups.Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Malaysia with 65% detected at stage III and IV. Despite the increasing incidence of cancers including CRC, Malaysia has yet to implement populationbased screening for cancers. The objective of this paper is to review the strategic planning and implementation of the CRC screening program in Malaysia. Methods A desk review was conducted from August to October in 2018, to examine, review and describe the historical perspective, strategic planning and implementation of the current CRC screening program in Malaysia. Results The main policy documents related to CRC screening are the National Strategic Plan for Cancer Control Programme 2016-2020, the Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Colorectal Carcinoma 2017, and the Implementation Guideline for CRC Screening in Malaysia 2014. Several papers have been published on the epidemiology of CRC in Malaysia. Between 2014 and 2018, 127,957 men and women were screened using immunochemical Faecal Occult Blood Test (iFOBT); 9.3% had positive iFOBT results and were referred for colonoscopy. For those who underwent colonoscopy, CRC detection rate was 4.1% and 13.9% for pre-malignant conditions. Barriers were identified along the continuum of screening process, including patient, provider, and system factors. Conclusion Although population-level organised screening programmes are preferable to opportunistic screening, the CRC programme in Malaysia was tailored to meet the needs of the population based on available existing resources. A well-mapped budget for the entire screening programme continuum, a strong partnership between stakeholders and an opportunistic screening strategy is crucial to address the rising incidence of CRC.Introduction Incentive spirometry (IS) is commonly used for increasing postoperative IS inspiratory capacity (ISIC) after open heart surgery (OHS). However, little is known about the serial changes in ISIC and their predictive factors. Objective The aim of this study is to identify the postoperative ISIC changes relative to preoperative ISIC after OHS, and determine their predictors, including patient characteristics factors and IS performance parameters such as inspiration volumes (ISv) and frequencies (ISf). Methods This is a prospective study with blinding procedures involving 95 OHS patients, aged 52.8±11.5 years, whose ISIC was measured preoperatively (PreopISIC) until fifth postoperative day (POD), while ISv and ISf monitored with an electronic device from POD1-POD4. NCGC00186528 Regression models were used to identify predictors of POD1 ISIC, POD2- POD5 ISIC increments, and the odds of attaining PreopISIC by POD5. Results The ISIC reduced to 41% on POD1, increasing thereafter to 57%, 75%, 91%, and 106% from POD2-POD5 respectively. Higher PreopISIC (B=-0.01) significantly predicted lower POD1 ISIC, and, together with hyperlipedemia (B=11.52), which significantly predicted higher POD1 ISIC, explained 13% of variance. ISv at relative percentages of PreopISIC from POD1-POD4 (BPOD1=0.60, BPOD2=0.56, BPOD3=0.49, BPOD4=0.50) significantly predicted ISIC of subsequent PODs with variances at 23%, 24%, 17% and 25% respectively, but no association was elicited for ISf. IS performance findings facilitated proposal of a postoperative IS therapy target guideline. Higher ISv (B=0.05) also increased odds of patients recovering to preoperative ISIC on POD5 while higher PreopISIC (B=- 0.002), pain (B=-0.72) and being of Indian race (B=-1.73) decreased its odds. Conclusion ISv appears integral to IS therapy efficacy after OHS and the proposed therapy targets need further verification through randomized controlled trials.Introduction The trend of childhood obesity is on the rise and hence leading towards the increase in obesity related complications. Early recognition of obesity in children and accurate parental perception of the status of the weight of their children is vital. Furthermore, identification of sociodemographic risk factors contributing to obesity is crucial in order to identify children who are in the risk group and thus prevent potential complications. This study is aimed to establish the parental perception of the status of the weight of their children. Secondly, the study also to identify the sociodemographic risk factors associated with obesity in children. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 245 children from 5 to 12 years of age. Following informed consent, the children were classified into either normal (body mass index (BMI) >5th to 95th percentile) groups. Parents responded to questionnaires which assessed their perception and sociodemographic factors. Results A total of 157 participants (64.