Past studies examining the cognitive empathy of medical school graduates grouped the various residency selections vs. parsing them out. This study examines both affective and cognitive empathy scores of osteopathic medical school graduates entering eleven different residency specialties.

Participants from the Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine (CUSOM) classes of 2017-2019 completed the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES; measuring affective empathy) and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, Student version (JSE-S; measuring cognitive empathy). Empathy scores were compared to residency choice upon graduation. The specialty choices were broken into two groups Core specialties (i.e., people-oriented) that include Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/Gyn), Pediatrics, and Psychiatry. The remaining specialties are considered Non-Core specialties (i.e., technical/procedure-oriented) and included Anesthesiology, Diagnostic Radiology, Emergency Medicine,nstrument, both Pediatrics and Family Medicine were first and second out of a possible 11 positions, respectively. Most CUSOM graduates had JSE-S scores lower than their peers in other osteopathic medical schools that participated in the POMEE study. When the CUSOM data are compared to allopathic data, there is no clear evidence that osteopathic students have substantially higher affective or cognitive empathy scores than their allopathic peers. Therefore, it appears that medical students who select osteopathy for its tenant of a more holistic approach to patient care are no more empathetic than students studying allopathic medicine. Several suggestions are made on how to potentially increase student empathy during undergraduate medical education.

Emergency department visits for cutaneous abscesses are increasing. It is important for healthcare professionals to be proficient in identifying and treating abscesses. Loop drainage technique (LDT) is a newer technique which has been described in several articles but limited resources for teaching have been studied. The objective of this study was to compare 3 models for learning and teaching the LDT.

This was a prospective survey study of a convenience sample of emergency medicine residents at a large urban academic center. Residents volunteered to participate during a scheduled cadaver and simulation session. After a self-directed review of the LDT, each participant performed ultrasound visualization and then the LDT on 3 simulated abscesses a cadaveric model, a commercial abscess pad, and a homemade phantom. Participants completed pre- and post-simulation surveys.

Of 57 residents, 28 participated in the 1-day simulation. The majority (57.1%,

 < 0.009) preferred the cadaver model for learning the LDT, and 78.6% reported it to have the most realistic physical examination for an abscess (

 = 0.001). Prior to participation, 0% of residents felt proficient performing LDT. After participation, 46.4% of residents felt proficient and 78.6% reported intent to use in clinical practice (

 < 0.001).

Simulation is an effective educational tool for both learning new skills and improving procedural competency. Residents found cadavers provided the most realistic physical examination, and the majority preferred it for learning the LDT. However, cadavers are not always accessible, an important factor when considering various educational settings.

Simulation is an effective educational tool for both learning new skills and improving procedural competency. Residents found cadavers provided the most realistic physical examination, and the majority preferred it for learning the LDT. However, cadavers are not always accessible, an important factor when considering various educational settings.[This corrects the article DOI 10.2147/IJGM.S361582.].Perioperative pain management is a unique challenge in patients undergoing spine surgery due to the increased incidence of both pre-existing chronic pain conditions and chronic postsurgical pain. Peri-operative planning and counseling in spine surgery should involve an interdisciplinary approach that includes consideration of patient-level risk factors, as well as pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic pain management techniques. Consideration of psychological factors and patient focused education as an adjunct to these measures is paramount in developing a personalized perioperative pain management plan. Understanding the currently available body of knowledge surrounding perioperative opioid management, management of opioid use disorder, regional/neuraxial anesthetic techniques, ketamine/lidocaine infusions, non-opioid oral analgesics, and behavioral interventions can be useful in developing a comprehensive, multi-modal treatment plan among patients undergoing spine surgery. Although many of these techniques have proved efficacious in the immediate postoperative period, long-term follow-up is needed to define the impact of such approaches on persistent pain and opioid use. Future techniques involving the use of precision medicine may help identify phenotypic and physiologic characteristics that can identify patients that are most at risk of developing persistent postoperative pain after spine surgery.

To study the effect of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction on glaucoma progression in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

A retrospective study of 40 cases of POAG patients who underwent regular reexamination for more than 3 years was performed. All participants were subjected to heart-rate variability (HRV) assessment. Patients were divided equally into the lowest and highest HRV groups according to the standard deviation value of the qualified normal to normal intervals (SDNN), a representative indicator of HRV. The lower the HRV, the more severe the ANS dysfunction with sympathetic predominance. Visual field (VF) parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were used to evaluate and compare the progression of glaucoma damage between the two groups.

There were 20 cases in the lowest HRV group and 20 cases in the highest HRV group. (Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen nmr The thinning rate of RNFL in the lowest HRV group was significantly faster than that in the highest HRV group (1.44±1.58 vs 0.29±0.56 μm/yeactors.

To assess left ventricular diastolic function by using echocardiography in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and the relationship between left ventricular diastolic function and left ventricular dilatation, New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure index, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary dilated cardiomyopathy hospitalized in Hue Central Hospital from April 2018 to August 2020.

The mean end-diastolic left ventricular volume was 133.57±31.58 mL and the mean end-systolic left ventricular volume was 99.9±26.03 mL. The mean left atrial volume was 61.63±27.13 mL. The mean end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular diameters were 66.11±7.3 mm and 57.7±8.02 mm, respectively. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 24.68±5.97%. The mean left ventricular fractional shortening was 12.91±4.55%. The highest rate was grade II diastolic dysfunction (44.6%), followed by grade evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function on echocardiography according to the 2016 ASE/EACVI recommendations, a new recommendation introduced to approach the assessment of diastolic function in a more convenient and easier way.

To characterize Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) among different stages of COVID-19 infection.

This was a cross-sectional study which included six healthy individuals and 68 patients who were admitted with COVID-19 in the Department of Medicine, at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, from July 2020 to September 2020. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 groups, and serum samples were drawn for the measurement of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) which was done by BD™ Cytometric Bead Array.

All the cytokines showed dynamic expression in the COVID-19 group, of which only IL-6 was statistically significant. Among the three severity groups of COVID-19, increased severity did not transform into increased cytokine level, with the exception for IL-6, which was statistically significant.

In our small sample study, six cytokines expressions were evaluated however most of them were elevated in COVID-19 patients but were not statistically significant except IL-6.

In our small sample study, six cytokines expressions were evaluated however most of them were elevated in COVID-19 patients but were not statistically significant except IL-6.With the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease in 2019, life seemed to be had come to a standstill. To combat the transmission of the virus, World Health Organization (WHO) announced wearing of face mask as an imperative way to limit the spread of the virus. However, manually ensuring whether people are wearing face masks or not in a public area is a cumbersome task. The exigency of monitoring people wearing face masks necessitated building an automatic system. Currently, distinct methods using machine learning and deep learning can be used effectively. In this paper, all the essential requirements for such a model have been reviewed. The need and the structural outline of the proposed model have been discussed extensively, followed by a comprehensive study of various available techniques and their respective comparative performance analysis. Further, the pros and cons of each method have been analyzed in depth. Subsequently, sources to multiple datasets are mentioned. The several software needed for the implementation are also discussed. And discussions have been organized on the various use cases, limitations, and observations for the system, and the conclusion of this paper with several directions for future research.

Neglected distal humerus fractures are rare injuries, which the orthopaedic surgeon will not deal many times in his career. We present a case of a young patient with such an injury, who was treated with a corrective osteotomy and fixation, resulting in a very good outcome. This case report highlights the importance of surgical intervention for distal humerus fracture malunion. A narrative review of the literature regarding this topic is presented as well.

. A 42-year-old female patient presented to our department nine weeks after a displaced distal humerus fracture, which was treated conservatively in another institution. Ulnar nerve neuropathy, pain, and severe stiffness of the elbow were her main symptoms. Open correction of the deformity, anatomical reduction of the articular surface, and realignment of the metaphyseal level of the fracture were performed. Six months postoperation, a painless flexion-extension arc of 110° and a normal rotation of the forearm was achieved.

Distal humerus fracture malunion is a challenge. The operation needed for this purpose is much more demanding, and postsurgical complications are more likely to occur as opposed to the treatment of acute fractures. If a proper surgery is performed though, a good clinical outcome can be expected.

Distal humerus fracture malunion is a challenge. The operation needed for this purpose is much more demanding, and postsurgical complications are more likely to occur as opposed to the treatment of acute fractures. If a proper surgery is performed though, a good clinical outcome can be expected.