Pancreatic cysts are incidentally detected in up to 13% of patients undergoing radiographic imaging. Of the most frequently encountered types, mucin-producing (mucinous) pancreatic cystic lesions may develop into pancreatic cancer, while nonmucinous ones have little or no malignant potential. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is critical for optimal management, but has been difficult to achieve, resulting in unnecessary major surgery. Here, we aim to develop an algorithm based on biomarker risk scores to improve risk stratification.

Patients undergoing surgery and/or surveillance for a pancreatic cystic lesion, with diagnostic imaging and banked pancreatic cyst fluid, were enrolled in the study after informed consent (n= 163 surgical, 67 surveillance). Cyst fluid biomarkers with high specificity for distinguishing nonmucinous from mucinous pancreatic cysts (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], glucose, carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], amylase, cytology, and DNA mutation) were selected. Biomarker risk sk score-based algorithm was able to correctly classify pancreatic cysts preoperatively. Importantly, this tool may improve initial and dynamic risk stratification, reducing overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.Phoxinus lagowskii is a popular fish in Chinese cuisine. Though it is found mainly in China’s high-latitude regions, where diel-cycling hypoxia (DCH) is known to have unique impacts on aquatic organisms, there is little known about its response to hypoxia. Currently, nothing is known about the changes in blood parameters, gill and liver morphology, glucose and lipid metabolism, or expression of genes involved in clock and glucose metabolism in response to sustained hypoxia (SH) and diel-cycling hypoxia (DCH). To elucidate the influence of sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia on fish hypoxia tolerance, resting oxygen consumption (MO2) analysis was performed after ten days of hypoxia. This analysis revealed that hypoxia tolerance profoundly improved after ten days of either sustained or diel-cycling hypoxia acclimation, with DCH groups showing greater improvements than SH groups. Additionally, an increase in RBCs was found in P. lagowskii, suggesting an increase in the O2-carrying capacity of the blood to tolerat Clocka, and Cry1b, suggesting that SH and DCH result in different hypoxic responses. This study presents a novel approach to the study of fish responses to hypoxia in high latitude and shows that sustained hypoxia and diel-cycling hypoxia induce large differences in fish physiology.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease. Although anti-fibrotic treatments, such as pirfenidone, are available that reduce the rate of disease progression, these medications have limitations in tolerability, and IPF patients still have poor prognoses. GDC-3280, an orally available small molecule that was designed to improve upon pirfenidone’s activity, has anti-fibrotic activity in animal models. This first-in-human, phase 1 trial evaluated GDC-3280 to determine its safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK).

Single and multiple ascending-doses of GDC-3280 were administered to healthy volunteers in two parts. Part A consisted of 6 treatment groups, each receiving a single, oral dose of GDC-3280 (25-1600mg) or placebo in the fasted state. Part A also assessed the effect of food and coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor (rabeprazole) on the tolerability and PK of single doses of 400- and 800-mg GDC-3280. Part B consisted of 3 treatment groups who received either (t

) between 5 and 6h.

Single and multiple doses of GDC-3280 were generally well tolerated, with acceptable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles that support twice-daily, oral administration with food in future clinical trials.

Single and multiple doses of GDC-3280 were generally well tolerated, with acceptable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles that support twice-daily, oral administration with food in future clinical trials.

To evaluate publication trends in nonobstetric brachial plexus injury research.

In September 2020, Scopus was searched for articles on nonobstretric brachial plexus injury. Citation count, year of publication, country of corresponding author and its income category, destiny journal and its 5-year impact factor (IF), and research type were retrieved.

The analysis comprised 1245 articles. CX-5461 Mean number of citations per article was 18.01 (95% confidence interval 16.46-19.55). Mean IF was 3.60 (95% confidence interval 3.25-3.95). The 5 most prolific journals had an IF <5. The journal with the highest number of articles was the Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume) (n= 70, 5.6%). The most prolific country was the United States (n= 313, 25.1%). There were 913 articles (73.3%) from high-income countries, 246 (19.8%) from upper middle-income countries, and 68 (5.5%) from lower middle-income countries. No articles were from low-income countries. The representation of middle-income countries increased from 2ortion have a shallow level of evidence (case reports and narrative reviews).

The burden of pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is unknown. To fill this gap, we conducted a review that aimed to characterize the causes of pTBI in LMICs, and their reported associated mortality and morbidity.

A systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus were searched from January 2000 to May 2020. Observational or experimental studies on pTBI of individuals aged between 0 and 16 years in LMICs were included. The causes of pTBI and morbidity data were descriptively analyzed, and case fatality rates were calculated.

CRD42020171276.

A total of 136 studies were included. Fifty-seven studies were at high risk of bias. Of the remaining studies, 170,224 cases of pTBI were reported in 32 LMICs. The odds of having a pTBI were 1.8 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.6-2.0) in males. The odds of a pTBI being mild were 4.4 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.9-6.8) than a pTBI being moderate or severe. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause (n= 16,275/41,979; 39%) of pTBIs. On discharge, 24% of patients (n= 4385/17,930) had a reduction in their normal mental or physical function. The median case fatality rate was 7.3 (interquartile range, 2.1-7.7).

Less than a quarter (n= 32) of all LMICs have published high-quality data on the volume and burden of pTBI. From the limited data available, young male children are at a high risk of pTBIs in LMICs, particularly after road traffic accidents.

Less than a quarter (n = 32) of all LMICs have published high-quality data on the volume and burden of pTBI. From the limited data available, young male children are at a high risk of pTBIs in LMICs, particularly after road traffic accidents.