Furthermore, as compared to the mice fed HFD alone, ALM16 increased the levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), thereby upregulating the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 and downregulating the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and fatty acid synthase (FAS). These results demonstrated that ALM16 markedly inhibited HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice by modulating AMPK and ACC signaling pathways, and may be more effective than the single extracts of AM or LE. Copyright © 2020 Doo Jin Choi et al.Purpose The purpose of this paper is investigating the effect and mechanism of Shenfu injection (a Traditional Chinese Medicine injection form) on prevention and treatment of paclitaxel chemotherapy in peripheral nerve injury. Methods Wistar rat dorsal root ganglion cells were cultured in vitro and divided into groups of MOCK, PT, PT + LD, and PT + HD. Each group was cultured at a total serum concentration of 10%, including 10% blank serum in the MOCK group, 0.73 (IC30) μmol/L paclitaxel + 10% blank serum in the PT group, and 10% and 5% drug-containing serum and equal amount of paclitaxel were added into the high- and low-dosage groups, respectively. After culturing for 24 hours, the following tests were performed (1) cell proliferation detected by using CCK-8 and a microplate reader; (2) axon length detected by cellular immunostaining and detection analysis on antibody β-tubulin III; and (3) changes in mitochondrial membrane potential by analyzing immunofluorescence staining with JC-1 probe. Results (1) Cell performed (1) cell proliferation detected by using CCK-8 and a microplate reader; (2) axon length detected by cellular immunostaining and detection analysis on antibody P less then 0.05), while OD values of groups PT + LD and PT + HD were 0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.46 ± 0.03, respectively, higher than group PT (P less then 0.05), while OD values of groups PT + LD and PT + HD were 0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.46 ± 0.03, respectively, higher than group PT (. Conclusion Shenfu injection can prevent the toxicity of DRG neurons induced by paclitaxel, and its mechanism may be related to the alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Copyright © 2020 Panpan Lv et al.This study aimed to assess the costs, health status, and medical service satisfaction with Korean and conventional medicine use before and after surgery of patients visiting Korean medicine hospitals for postsurgical musculoskeletal pain. The study population comprised patients who visited KM hospitals for the first time between June and November 2017 for persistent or recurrent pain and discomfort after low back, neck, shoulder, or knee surgery. Various validated questionnaires were used to collect data. A total of 100 participants were enrolled, and the majority had undergone low back surgery (n = 82). The participants had received 1.3 ± 0.7 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations and 2.4 ± 2.8 X-rays before surgery. Conventional interventions used before surgery were physical therapy (43%), medications (34%), and injections (28%), in descending order, while 48% of patients reported having received acupuncture 51.3 ± 81.1 times. The mean satisfaction score for surgery was 5.5 ± 2.8 points based on a 9tion, and quality of life. Copyright © 2020 Ki-Beom Lee et al.Tangzhiqing (TZQ), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat diabetes mellitus in China. TZQ works as a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor to reduce the absorption of glucose from dietary carbohydrates. The main aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial glucose-lowering effect of TZQ on the common carbohydrates in healthy humans. Meanwhile, the possible types of the inhibited α-glucosidase enzymes were predicted in this study. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, maltodextrin, and starch were chosen as investigated carbohydrates. The baseline incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and glycemic index (GI) values of the investigated carbohydrates were evaluated. Then, thirty-six subjects were randomly assigned to three groups to assess postprandial hypoglycemic effects of 3-, 6-, and 9-tablet TZQ. The subjects in each group were randomized to eight subgroups. An eight-period, eight-sequence, crossover design was performed to investigate the postprandial glucose-lowering effect of TZQ after drinking each carbohydrate. A significant decrease was observed on the postprandial glucose IAUCs (279.41 ± 111.31 vs. 203.86 ± 61.08) and GIs (124.91 ± 48.54 vs. 91.69 ± 27.47) of maltose after oral administration of 6-tablet TZQ, as well as IAUCs (145.05 ± 55.01 vs. 110.23 ± 57.03) and GIs (84.87 ± 33.40 vs. 65.50 ± 33.89) of sucrose after administration of 3-tablet TZQ. The glucose IAUCs (109.15 ± 55.92 vs. 57.68 ± 46.09) and GIs (49.09 ± 25.15 vs. 25.94 ± 20.73) of starch statistically reduced following the administration of 6-tablet TZQ. The lowering postprandial blood glucose effect of TZQ did not increase proportionally with increasing doses in humans. There were no significant changes in the glucose-lowering effect of glucose and maltodextrin after the administration of 3-, 6-, or 9-tablet TZQ, respectively. TZQ is a potential treatment for postprandial hyperglycemia, which can probably make α-glucosidases inhibit maltase, sucrase, and α-amylase in the digestive organs. Copyright © 2020 Yanfen Li et al.Sikyungbanha-Tang (SKBHT) is a Chinese traditional medicine popularly prescribed to patients with respiratory inflammatory symptoms in Korea. Although the Korea Food and Drug Administration approved SKBHT as a therapeutics for relieving the symptoms, experimental evidence for SKBHT suppressing inflammation is scarce. GW4064 in vitro Here, we presented evidence that SKBHT can suppress inflammation in an acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model and explored the possible underlying mechanisms of SKBHT’s anti-inflammatory activity. Single intratracheal (i.t.) injection of SKBHT (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg body weight) into mouse lungs decreased prototypic features of lung inflammation found in ALI, such as a high level of proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, and the formation of hyaline membrane, which were induced by a single i.t. LPS (2 mg/kg body weight). When added to a murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, SKBHT activated an anti-inflammatory factor Nrf2, increasing the expression of genes regulated by Nrf2. SKBHT suppressed the ubiquitination of Nrf2, suggesting that SKBHT increases the level of and thus activates Nrf2 by blunting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Nrf2.